失落的體裁──唐代折腰體新探

The Lost Poetry Form: New Observation of Twirling-waist Form in Tang Dynasty

折腰體是一種失黏的律詩或絕句；對於它的評價，歷代不同，而且差異頗大。基本上它流行於盛唐，但盛唐沒有任何說明文獻流傳下來。晚唐和北宋人稱讚此體為「大才」與「奇兵」，到了明清時代卻視之為犯律的作品，此後折腰體不再受人重視，成為詩學中失落的體裁。本文認為前人對折腰體的褒貶，關鍵處在於音樂意識。因此由唐代樂舞尋找折腰體的來源，再從郊廟曲辭、近代曲辭及五代詞樂印證唐代折腰體聲詩之實際演出情況，試圖經由這些線索，勾勒出盛唐折腰體的輪廓。

Twirling-waist Form is a poetry form of Lushi and Jueju style with broken rules of couplets. Twirling-waist Form receives mixed reviews from critics of different ages. Though it was widespread in Golden Tang, there are few papers and observations on this poetry form. This form was highly praised as “work of genius(大才)” and “shock troops(奇兵)” in Late Tang and Northern Song. However, till Ming and Qing Dynasty, people ignored Twirling-waist Form for regarding it as a form against regulated verse. Since then, Twirling-waist Form disappeared from poem study. This essay claims that the distinguished reviews on Twirling-waist Form contribute to conscious of music. Therefore, this essay attempts to picture a portrait of Twirling-waist Form in Golden Tang, firstly, by tracing back to its originality starting from Music-Accompanied Dance in Tang Dynasty (唐代樂舞), and secondly, with observing practical performance of the vocal poems in Country and Temple Songs (郊廟曲辭), Songs of Recent Times (近代曲辭) and The Lyric Poems of Five Dynasty (五代詞樂).