從《世說新語》看魏晉士人的交通與行旅現象

Wei-Jin Traffic and Travelling Phenomenon from Shishuo Shinyu

魏晉時期的陸路交通工具式樣繁多，此期與前、後代最大的不同即是牛車的廣泛運用，牛車成為這一時期公、私車輛的主要動力，在士人精心挑選與培訓之下，魏晉時期牛行速度已大大地提高。魏晉南北朝之水路交通工具也極為發達，這期船舟異於前代者，即是有容量極大的「樓船」，並有船行速度極快的「舸」。以上這些交通工具，都可以在《世說新語》找到例證。《世說新語》一書中，旅人之行旅因素約有政治、遊宦、學術、宗教、拜謁、送別、探病、弔喪、拜墓、遊玩、隱居……等因素。其中又以集體南渡與宗教行旅最為特殊，且最具有時代特色，前者是中原漢族第一次大規模的集體遷移；後者體現了宗教家傳法之熱情。《世說新語》中的交通現象有送別習俗、夜禁制度、私人旅舍興起、打劫之事頻傳等。本論文共分為六：壹、前言。貳、《世說新語》中的陸路交通。參、《世說新語》中的水路交通。肆、《世說新語》中的行旅。伍、《世說新語》中交通與行旅現象。陸、結論。

There were numerous unprecedented transportation vehicles in Wei-Jin period, with extensive use of ox carts as a main public and private transport. As a result of training, ox carts moved much faster. In addition, Wei-Jin's waterway transport was also well-developed, featuring “house ships” with great capacity and “ke” of extremely fast speed. All these could be found in Shishuo Shinyu. According to the book, people travelled because of different reasons. These could either be political, official, academic, religious, pilgrimage, farewell, visiting the sick, mourning, worshipping the graveyard, sightseeing, or seclusion. Among them, group migration to the south and religious travelling were the most unique. For instance, the Han people experienced the first large-scale group migration and passion for religious preaching occurred during this period. Shishuo Shinyu protrayed farewell customs, curfew system, the rise of private boarding houses, and numerous reports of looting and other things. This paper is divided into six chapters: a. introduction; b. land transport in Shishuo Shinyu; c. waterway traffic in Shishuo Shinyu; d. travelling in Shishuo Shinyu; e. transport and travelling phenomenon in Shishuo Shinyu; and f. conclusions.