複保險效力配置的法理基礎與制度安排

Legal Basis and System Arrangement of the Validity of Double Insurance

複保險，是派生於損失填補原則的制度之一。從損失填補原則的基本理念出發，對複保險效力問題的具體制度予以設計，應將防止超額保險、避免不當得利、控制道德危險、增強安全保障以及便於利益平衡作為制度考量的主要因素。複保險的效力，包括內部效力與外部效力兩個層面。在複保險的內部效力問題上，應將複保險區分為善意複保險與惡意複保險從而分別加以規制，使惡意複保險歸於無效，對善意複保險則應採連帶責任制立場。對複保險的外部效力，即各保險人之間負擔額的確定問題，以採獨立責任基礎法較為妥當。在善意複保險情形下，同時還應賦予投保人以複保險消除權，以更好地解決複保險問題，使保險制度得以良性運轉。

Double insurance derives from the Principle of Indemnity. In order to establishment the system of validity of double insurance, we must consider five main factors such as prevent over insurance, avoid unjust enrichment, control moral hazard, strengthen the security and balance the interests. The validity of the double insurance inc1udes internal validity and external validity. Double insurance should be divided into good faith double insurance and malicious double insurance. As to the validity of good faith double insurance, we should use the provisions of joint and several indemnification for reference. On the other hand, the contract of malicious double insurance is invalid. As to the external validity of double insurance, we should adopt independent 1iability. At the same time, we should authorize policy-holder in good faith double insurance to eliminate double insurance.