行政規範性文件附帶審查進路的司法建構

Judicial Construction of Normative Documents Incidental Review Approach in Administrative Litigation

對新《行政訴訟法》實施後的200件行政判決文書進行法教義學分析，可以發現行政規範性文件附帶審查主要從被訴請對象的可審查性、與爭訟行政決定的關聯性和行政規範性文件的合法性三個方面展開。可審查性基於行政行為“具體一抽象”二元框架厘定附帶審查的對象範圍，並回應特定制定主體對行政規範性文件可審查性的影響。關聯性強調法院需查證被訴請審查的行政規範性文件是否確系行政機關作出爭訟行政決定的直接依據並分別處置。合法性則要求法院從權限、程序以及內容三個層面判斷行政規範性文件是否存在與上位法規則或原則相抵觸的情形。行政規範性文件附帶審查制度的內涵由此得到充實和豐富。其中凸顯的行政權與司法權關係問題也有待深入研究。

Analysis of 200 administrative cases after the implementation of the new Administrative Procedure Law indicates that incidental review on normative documents is carried out from three aspects: the verifiability, the relevance and the legitimacy of the document. The verifiability of administrative normative documents is determined on the basis of the 'concrete-abstract' dual framework of administrative action and influenced by the specific formulation bodies. The relevance standard emphasizes that the court must verify whether the normative documents appealed to be examined are exactly the direct basis of the administrative action and dispose of them separately. The standard of legitimacy requires the court to review the formulation authority, procedure and content of normative documents to determine whether they are legitimate and appropriate or not. The connotation of incidental review system of normative documents is thus enriched. Meanwhile, the relationship between executive power and judicial power also needs to be further studied.