犯罪構成視野下的偵查取證新論－－“以審判為中心”訴訟制度改革實踐路徑探索

A New Approach to the Collection of Investigation Evidence under the Perspective of Crime Constitution

“以審判為中心”的根本是要求刑事訴訟各階段都要貫徹證據裁判規則，以證據為核心。刑事訴訟是建立在既有犯罪事實基礎之上開展的與刑法契合性的查證判斷過程，偵查取證的本質是對犯罪構成事實的發現與證明，犯罪構成要件的可證明性是偵查取證的邏輯起點。在偵查程序中，實施案件事實遞進判斷是犯罪構成的主要功能，偵查不同階段犯罪構成要件查證重點和運用次序存在差異；圍繞行為主觀要件查證這一核心夯實行為客觀方面證據材料才能為審判階段的事實認定與法律裁量奠定良性基礎。

The fundamental demand of the reform of 'litigation system centered on judgment' is to implement the rule of judging by evidence in different stages of the criminal procedure. Criminal procedure is a particular judgment verification process with criminal law established upon the basis of a criminal fact. The nature of evidence investigation is to discover and prove facts of crime constitution, and the vindicability of the crime constitution is the logical starting point of the investigation evidence collection. In the investigation procedure, the progressive implementation of the case facts judgment is the main function of crime constitution. The focus and the usage order of the crime constitution are different at different criminal investigation stages. Consolidating crime objective evidences around the crime subjective element can lay a good foundation to verify facts and make legal discretions in the trial stage.