花園莊東地甲骨賓語移位句語用研究－－以焦點為中心的考察

A Pragmatic Study of Sentences with Transposed Predicate in Huadong Oracle Bones Inscriptions

本文由語用角度觀察殷墟花園莊東地甲骨（簡稱花東甲骨）中的賓語移位句，並討論其移至動詞前的賓語，是否都屬於焦點或對比焦點。花東甲骨為早期的非王卜辭，句型行款特殊，與常態的王卜辭有所不同。花東甲骨的賓語前移情形，與王卜辭大致類似，其移位的賓語多是由「叀」、「隹」標記的句子焦點。但少數移位句並無焦點標記，共占總數四分之一弱。由其對貞、重貞、選貞句相驗，可發現這些句子的移位成分，實為成套句中的「對比焦點」，又或屬於增加的「新信息」。而這些無標記的例子集中在「見、入、俎、、禦、告、祼」等「進獻」與「祭祀」動詞句中。筆者推測，或因此二類動詞是花東甲骨較常占問的內容，故較多的保留了問卜者這種不帶標記的口語現象。本文指出，甲骨卜辭雖為書面語，但屬早期非王類卜辭的花東甲骨，在對當時語言的紀錄上，展現了屬早期非王一類材料的測試性與自由性。

This article takes on a pragmatic study of sentences with transposedpredicates in the oracle bones inscriptions on the east of the Huayuan village（花園莊東地甲骨）(aka Huadong oracle bones inscriptions); it weighs up predicateslocated in front of verbs and determines if they function as a semantic focus or acontrast focus. The Huadong oracle bones inscriptions, come earlier than mostextant royal divinations, are non-royal divination scripts with distinctive sentenceformations. The forward transposition of the predicate in sentences of Huadongoracle is similar to the case of the royal divinations, where most of the transposedpredicates are focused in sentences marked with 「wei（叀）」and「wei（隹）」,withonly a minor number (approximately 25%) of exceptions. After examining theexceptional sentences of’ Dui Zhen（對貞）, Chong Zhen（重貞）, and Xuan Zhen（選貞）, I find that the transposed components in these sentences are eithercontrast focuses in set expressions, or perhaps added carriers of “new messages.”The few examples without the mark-words are found in sentences with verbs thatrelate to tribute or sacrifice offerings such as jian（見）、ru（入）、zu（俎）、tuo（ ）、yu（禦）、gao（告）、guan（祼）. My assumption is that tribute andsacrifice offerings are common contents in Hua Dong oracle bones inscriptions;sentences with these verbs retain more of the oral quality of the diviners’ speech, without the mark-words normally found in written texts. Unlike other oracle bonesinscriptions, which are of written speech generally, Huadong oracle bonesinscriptions witness a free and tentative nature of a language found only in earlierrecords of divination made outside the royal circles.