日本的洗錢犯罪相關規定與國際趨勢

The Provisions of Japanese Anti Money-Laundering and International Trend

本文主要目的在於說明日本的洗錢犯罪規定，以及其如何受到國際規範的影響。洗錢的問題從相關的洗錢防制的國際條約與國際組織，透過硬法與軟法的國際法規範，逐漸成為日本內國犯罪規定的一部分。日本對於洗錢防制並沒有採取一個專法方式，而是隨著國際條約的國內採決，分別制定法律的方式來進行，因此從藥物犯罪，到組織犯罪，以及貪污犯罪，乃至於資恐法制，以及各種重大犯罪中，對於金融機關要求防制洗錢的義務等，而逐漸演進。而且配合FATA的相互審查，朝符合完備的國際規範前進，雖然也有少見反對的聲音，但總是隨著國際趨勢的方向而變化。

The main purpose of this article is to illustrate the provisions of Japanese Anti Money-Laundering. Andhow they influenced by international norm of AML. The crimes of money laundering is evolving and backedby international convention and organization, with both measures of so called “hard law” and “soft law”. Andthey gradually recognized as a part of crimes in Japan.In Japan there is not such an uni-law of AML act, but combined by several laws. These laws are setup and accompanied with related international conventions adopted by Japan. These conventions includeNarcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, transnational Organized Crime, Financing of Terrorism,corruption and the prevention of major crimes interest laundering. The obligations of prevention are alsodistributed to financial organizations. As well as the pressure of FATA review system, the provisions of AMLare growing and completed. To sum up, they are accordance with the international trend.