海外代工生產對產業內資源配置及整體產業生產力的影響

The Impact of Offshore Production on Within-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity

本文的主要目是要探究海外代工生產對異質性廠商是否會產生產業內的篩選作用，即生產力高的廠商更繁盛但生產力最低的廠商則退出市場。因此，我引用Melitz（2003）的動態產業模型，然後結合Antràs and Helpman（2004）的海外代工結構以分析此過程。我認為這個整合模型可以產生一個內生產業內的篩選作用，使得產業內資源會趨歸於高生產力的廠商，因此提高整體產業生產力。這篇研究也希望展示海外代工生產對產品多樣性的影響。我認為，原則上，海外代工生產較密集的產業會衍生出更多差異化產品，而海外代工生產較不密集的產業會衍生出較少差異化產品。這個立論的基礎是在於，藉著海外代工生產，可以槓桿應用外國的資源（如果這個成本不高的話），因此更多的差異化產品可以用更低的成本生產，而這代表整體福利的提升。

This paper extends Melitz’s (2003) dynamic industry model by incorporating Antràs and Helpman’s (2004) outsourcing structure to show that a within-industry selection of heterogeneous firms can be driven by offshoring. In a North-South world, offshoring enables relatively more productive firms in the North to leverage foreign resources to expand their market shares at the expense of the relatively less productive firms. This endogenous se-lection enables an economy to transit to high-productivity varieties, thereby raising the aggregate industry productivity. In particular, offshore production increases the number of product varieties in offshore-intensive industries but reduces that in less offshore-intensive industries.