垂直專業分工，福利及政府政策

VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION, WELFARE AND GOVERNMENT POLICY

本文利用納入外生性切割技術之李嘉圖模型，探討垂直專業分工如何影響參與國的福利水準，並探討當本國政府進一步限制特定生產階段外移時，兩國的福利水準會如何變化。研究結果發現，本國廠商將生產階段移到外國執行，有助於提高外國福利，至於對本國福利的影響則會受到兩國之間的生產技術及勞動稟賦差異而有所不同；此外，若本國政府限制特定生產階段外移，其會對兩國福利產生不同方向的影響，且影響方向決定於該生產階段使用勞動力的程度高低。

We incorporate a fragmenting technology into a two-country Ricardian model to investigate whether countries gain from fragmentation, and how government restrictions on the offshoring of a certain stage influence both countries’ welfare. We illustrate that the targeting country can gain from fragmentation but the welfare variation of the offshoring country is uncertain. The relative labor endowment and production technological difference across countries are crucial in determining the welfare variation of the offshoring country. Moreover, we demonstrate that the government restrictions will influence both countries’ welfare in opposite directions, and the relative labor use of the restricted stage compared with the other stages is the critical factor.