探討臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館和其科學素養間之關係

The Relationship between Taiwanese Citizens' Visiting Science and Technology Museums and Scientific Literacy

面對不斷創新的科技時代，提升全民科學素養刻不容緩，科學與科技類博物館於提升全民科學素養扮演重要的角色，但確切成效的證據是難以收集的，本研究旨在透過2015年臺灣公民科學素養調查資料分析參訪科學與工藝博物館和其科學素養的關係，並分析參訪者對非制式科學教育機構的態度，以間接探討參訪科學與工藝博物館對其科學素養的影響。本研究以臺灣地區年滿18歲以上之公民為研究對象，以機率比例抽樣法抽取研究樣本1,831人，透過專人面訪蒐集資料，並透過卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定及單因子變異數分析數據。研究結果發現：一、2015年臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館的比例為28.9%，參訪者的主要背景特徵為學歷較高（大學以上學歷）、收入較高（月收入高於3萬元）及年齡較低（年齡40歲以下），其參訪比例較高；性別及居住城鄉地區公民背景特徵較不影響公民的參訪比例。二、臺灣公民參訪與未參訪科學與工藝博物館觀眾的科學素養（含對科學知識理解、學習興趣、自我效能、自我概念、對科技正向態度及行動參與科學等面向），有顯著性差異。三、臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館頻率愈高，參訪者的科學素養愈高，且兩者間呈現正相關。四、臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館，較認同非制式科學教育機構具教育功能，且較認同參訪有助提升其科學素養。綜合上述結果顯示，臺灣公民參訪科學與工藝博物館頻率愈高，其科學素養愈高，且愈認同非制式科學教育機構具教育功能，間接解釋參訪科學與工藝博物館有助提升其科學素養。後續值得進一步探討參訪科學與工藝博物館如何促進其科學素養及其可能影響因素，以提供科學與工藝博物館觀眾研究及參訪成效之參考。

Science and technology (S&T) museums promoting visitors' scientific literacy has lacked convincing data. This study investigated the relationship between Taiwanese citizens' visiting S&T museums and scientific literacy in 2015, and further analyzed visitors' attitudes toward to informal scientific education institutes (ISEIs) to discuss indirectly the influence of visiting S&T museums and scientific literacy. Four main purposes were studied as follows: 1) Citizens' the frequency and characters of visiting S&T museums. 2) The difference of visiting and no visiting S&T museums and scientific literacy. 3) The relationship between the frequency of visiting S&T museums and scientific literacy. 4) The relationship between visiting S&T museums and attitudes towards to ISEIs. The representative adult samples of 1,831 citizens were surveyed in 2015, using probability proportional to size sampling method. Face interviewed with selected citizens to get information. Then, we used Chi-square test, Independent-sample t test and One-way ANOVA to analyze the data. Four major findings showed that: 1) Taiwanese citizens' percentage of visiting S&T museums was 28.9% during last one year. The major characters of Taiwanese citizens' visiting S&T museums were higher educational background (above bachelor degree), higher income (above 30,000 NT dollars per month) and lower age (below 40 years old). 2) Taiwanese citizens' visiting S&T museums showed scientific literacy more than those who are not visiting S&T museums. 3) Taiwanese citizens were more frequent visiting S&T museums; they showed much better scientific literacy. 4) Taiwanese citizens were more frequent visiting S&T museums; they showed more positive attitudes towards to ISEIs than those who are not visiting S&T museums. Positive attitudes towards to ISEIs including ISEIs were good educational institutes, visiting ISEIs could enhance scientific literacy, investing much resource to ISEIs was deserved etc. Summarized the above results demonstrated that Taiwanese citizens' more frequent visiting S&T museums, they showed much better scientific literacy and thought the ISEIs could provide the well educational resource and enhance their scientific literacy. The research provided implications for the visitor's study and impact of S&T museums in the future.