國立海洋生物博物館數位展示解說成效之初探：以「古代海洋」展示為例

An Inquiry on Interpretation Effects via Different Digital Exhibits in National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium: A Case of the “Ancient Ocean Gallery”

國立海洋生物博物館的「世界水域館」於2006年正式開幕，以整合多媒體技術與虛擬實境等科技呈現出「無水水族館」的新展示理念，此為創水族館展示系統之先河。搭配數位展示設計相關主題的解說系統，採用數位多媒體為主的方式呈現，冀望在滿足觀眾參觀展示的同時，強化現場解說的效果，並且減少解說人力的需求。雖然數位展示技術日益成熟，卻鮮少有研究探討多媒體應用於常設展的解說成效。有鑑於此，本研究以世界水域館「古代海洋」常設展為研究場域，探討觀眾對於四種不同類型展示解說設施（包括大螢幕電子3D影像、平面圖文看板、立體虛擬實境、多媒體有聲影像）之偏好是否具有差異性，同時瞭解這些偏好對於解說成效中三個不同構面（包括情感、認知、行為）的影響程度。本研究採用問卷調查法，以立意取樣的方式收集資料，問卷發放時間自2007年7月至8月底止，問卷總計發出528份，有效問卷回收459份，無效問卷69份，有效回收率達86.93%。研究結果顯示，觀眾對於四種不同類型之展示解說設施（包括大螢幕電子3D影像、平面圖文看板、立體虛擬實境、多媒體有聲影像）之偏好具有顯著差異；進一步分析發現，觀眾對「立體虛擬實境」及「大螢幕電子3D影像」展示解說設施之內容與設計的偏好較高，並且其與解說成效間呈現顯著正相關。此外，觀眾在解說成效中的「認知」層面表現較低，此說明觀眾在展示解說過程中所獲得的知識相對於「情感」和「行為」面向較為有限。最終，本研究針對多媒體數位展示設施及解說成效提出建議，以提供後續研究與實務之參考。

The Pavilion of World Water opened in 2006 in National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium has integrated advanced technologies in multimedia and virtual reality to exhibits and their associated interpretation systems. These digital practices create innovation for the aquarium in which there is no living life and water. The aim of adopting multimedia into the interpretation systems is to satisfy the visitors' various experiences, as well as to enhance the effects on interpretations perceived by the audiences with low need of human resources. The technology is rapidly developing in recent years, however, little research is done for exploring the effects on different types of digital interpretation systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects that would contribute to the visitors by means of four different interpretation systems in the “Ancient Ocean Gallery” exhibits of the museum, and to understand the degree of three constructs (including affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions) embedded in interpretation effects that would be perceived by the audiences. The data was judgmentally collected during July and August in 2007 from 528 questionnaires in total, with an effective survey rate of 86.93%. The Results showed that there existed significant differences in the visitors' preferences among four different types of interpretation systems (including 3D digital images, static exhibit designs, virtual reality, and multimedia). It was further found that visitors preferred the system with virtual reality technology in both its design and the associated content. In addition, it indicated that a positive relationship was found between the effects of interpretation and visitors' preferences. However, the perception of knowledge in content from four different types of interpretation systems shows weaker compared to the affective and/or behavioral dimensions, which indicated that visitors obtained the limited knowledge from interpretation systems. Based on the outcomes, some suggestions for the practices and future research were finally discussed.