博物館數位檔案安全及數位資產管理問題之探討

On Security of Digital Files and Digital Assets Management in Museum

我國的各博物館，自參與各種數位化計畫以來，已累積為數不少的數位資產，尤其是博物館藏品的數位影像檔，更是博物館在研究、管理、乃至於授權創收的重要根本。長久以來，我國的博物館界對於數位資產管理缺乏足夠的討論，未能意識到數位資產的管理也是博物館管理的一環，並非只是單純的IT業務，安全上的威脅也不是只有人為竊取一種而已。因此，本文擬由博物館業務需求和環境脈絡的角度出發，探討博物館的文物影像和數位資產的安全管理問題。本文首先論述博物館的資訊流動與生產、文物影像及數位資產多樣性及其對博物館各項業務的重要性；其次爬梳與數位資產安全有關的各種重要議題，概分為四個主要議題，據以歸納出博物館在規劃數位資產安全管理之時，應考量使用面、技術面、資源面、法律面、環境面等多個因素，並略述我國博物館在數位資產管理上所面臨的困境；對未來博物館在規劃數位資產管理上提供若干建議，包括了應顧及博物館的使用需求及環境特性、應以系統化方式管理數位資產、需視各博物館規模及資源之多寡規劃不同的數位資產管理模式、以永續利用及發展為目標規劃、將數位資產管理工作納入博物館資訊政策及全館管理機制之中，並爭取政策承諾等各項建議。

The museums in our country have accumulated a large amount of digital assets since involving in various digital archives projects. Especially, the digital image files of museum collections are essential for the museums to study, manage, even authorize and generate incomes. For a long time, there weren't enough discussions about the management of digital assets for domestic museums. People didn't realize that the digital asset was also an important element in the management of museums. It wasn't just a simple IT business. As for the threats to safety, it wasn't just an issue of theft either. Hence, from the angles of business demand of museums and environmental context, this article explored the issue of the safe management of the cultural relics' images and digital assets in museums. First, this article discussed the flow and production of information in museums, variation of cultural relics' images and digital assets as well as their importance to different museum businesses; second, this article sorted out different important issues related to the security of digital assets, roughly classified them into four topics, such as preservation, maintenance and access security etc. Also it was concluded accordingly that when planning safe management of digital assets of museums, various aspects, such as usage, technology, resources, legal regulations and environment etc. should be considered. The difficulties encountered in the management of digital assets of domestic museums were summarized. Suggestions were put forward for museums to plan digital assets management in future too, including the use demand and environmental characteristics should be taken into consideration, digital assets should be managed with systematic methods, different digital asset management modes should be established according to the museum scale and the amount of the resources, sustainable utilization and development should be the target of the plan, digital asset management should be integrated into the museum information policies and the overall museum management mechanism, policy commitments should be sought etc. These suggestions can be used as references for museums.