博物館動手做活動增進觀眾對節水科技概念理解之研究

A Study on Visitors' Understanding of Water-saving Technology through Museum Hands-on Activities

科學博物館常於展廳內辦理各類科教活動，以增強參觀民眾對於相關科學與科技的認知與理解。國立科學工藝博物館為推廣節約用水知識，於2010年2月至3月間辦理節水科技教育活動，讓民眾認識節水科技。本研究以此為場域，探討民眾參與博物館辦理動手做活動後，對節水科技概念的建構及改變情形。研究採量化為主質化為輔的策略，由研究者自編問卷於活動前後進行調查，另於活動後以半結構式訪談進行質性資料收集。研究期間針對參與該項活動的觀眾進行問卷調查，共回收263份有效問卷，以t檢定及單因子變異數分析(ANOVA)探析觀眾在節水科技概念知識的改變，並進而透過質性研究方法探查其對科技內涵不同層面上的理解。研究結果發現，觀眾參與節水動手做活動後，對於節水科技相關概念理解及各知識層面均有顯著增加。而不同年齡群族觀眾在科技內涵各層面的理解也有不同表現，但總體而言，觀眾在參與動手做活動後，不論是在科技發展、應用或創新的層次上都有所提昇，對於節水的概念也有更進一步的了解。博物館辦理科技動手做活動確實有助於科技概念知識的成長，且有助於其在生活中的實踐。

Science museums usually conduct diversity activities to improve the general public's understanding of technology. In order to promote the concepts of water conservation, the National Science and Technology Museum held water-saving hands-on activities on weekends from February to March, 2010. The purpose of this study was to investigate the publics' understanding and technology concept learning of water saving technologies after participating in these activities. This study applied quantitative research method supplemented by qualitative approach to collect data both from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The t-test and ANOVA were applied to analyze 263 pre-questionnaires, and post-questionnaires to investigate the visitors' learning after the activities. The qualitative research data were analyzed to examine visitors' comprehension on water-saving technology. The major findings of this study suggested that: visitors displayed significantly higher improvement on water-saving technology concepts and knowledge of fact, concept and procedure after participating in these activities; relating to different age groups, visitors presented higher comprehension on conceptual knowledge; visitors generally increased their understanding on application and innovation of water saving technology; after the activities visitors had obviously positive attitudes toward water-saving.