展示構成與觀眾行為之研究：以台灣鐵道之旅特展為例

How the Exhibit Layout Affects Visitors' Behaviors: A Case Study from the ''Taiwan Railroad Festival'' Exhibit

從博物館的整體展示而言，觀眾所面對不只是展示品的個體，也包括了所參觀的空間，而此空間蘊含了展示內容順序、動線、參觀指引，以及詮釋內容與區隔的空間造型等的構成。本文以國立科學工業博物館的「台灣鐵道之旅特展」為例，主要藉由觀察法、問卷調查，探究展示構成對參觀行為的影響與觀感。結果顯示參與式展示品較能引起觀眾的興趣，參觀上所伴隨的行為以拍照、休息、討論，以及年長者指導等最多。對本特展展示構成滿意者有5成以上，惟沒有參觀完所有展示品的觀眾卻佔5成以上，原因以「選成自己喜歡的展示品」佔多數，在比較引起參觀意願的展示，是以「展示內容」佔最多，其次是「展示物件」，令近4成觀眾是「仔細看每個展示品及操作」。如從參觀完所有展示品的人數與參觀時間來看，似乎意味著不同觀眾對於參觀完所有展示品，有著不同的定義，相對地在參觀時間上有多少的不一。但參與式展示手法、令人回味的物件，以及情境塑造的空間，所促成感性與知性兼具的參觀體驗，能受到大多數不同背景觀眾的認同。

Exhibited items in the museum are not the only things visitors experience. The presenting order of the contents, the exhibit routes, visiting guides, the displays and the space layout of the exhibit all significantly contribute to the visit. This article takes the special exhibit of ''Taiwan Railroad Festival'' as an example and uses observations and questionnaires to discuss how its exhibition construction might affect visitors' behaviors and thoughts. The results reveal that interactive exhibits attract visitors' interests more effectively. The observed behaviors mostly include picture-taking, resting, discussing and elders' comments. The percentage of satisfaction about the construction of this special exhibit is 50 %. But also 50% of the visitors did not finish viewing the whole exhibit because most of them only chose their favorite parts. Exhibition contents are what initially attract visitors then followed by the exhibited objects. For nearly 40 % of the visitors examined each exhibit item precisely. By comparing the amount of visitors who finished visiting the whole exhibit with their visiting time, it seems that different visitors had different impressions about their visits. Besides, their visiting time was more or less different. Interactive exhibits are well received by all different kinds of visitors who cited memorable objects with attractive atmospheres as the factors that make their visit enjoyable.