規劃博物館中家庭觀眾學習活動之研究

The Research on Planning Learning Activities for Family Visitors in Museums

根據國內、外各項博物館的觀眾調查顯示：家庭觀眾是博物館的主要觀眾群，他們的參觀行為具有娛樂性及教育性之「雙重訴求」。因此，如何規劃具教育性、休閒性及娛樂性的家庭觀眾活動，並帶給他們有趣且好玩的博物館學習經驗，即是本研究的目的。本研究先以探討家庭觀眾學習活動的理論文獻開始，結合直接經驗及體驗學習等理論，藉由設計與館內展示主題相關的學習活動來引發家庭觀眾內在的學習動機，進而瞭解博物館中家庭觀眾的參觀行為及學習模式。最後，以筆者在工博館所舉辦之家庭觀眾寶特瓶學習活動為實例，以非參與觀察法進行研究，結果發現情境式體驗學習確實有助於啟發家庭觀眾之學習動機。該方式可供博物館人員日後開發活動時之參考，進而發展親子共學、同樂的博物館學習環境。

Many museum visitors' surveys reveal that families are the main visitors and their visits are both entertaining and education-oriented. Thus, how to plan educational, recreational and engaging activities to provide the family visitors interesting and fun learning experiences is the aim of this research. First of all, this paper discusses the theories of family learning activities. By applying direct and experiential learning theories in designing exhibition-related activities it intends not only to motivate the family visitors' learning intentions, but also to understand the family visitors' learning behaviors and models. Finally, by using the case study of PET learning activities, the author uses non-involved observation study to process his research and reveals that situational learning experiences can indeed help to ignite family visitors' learning motivations. It might also be helpful for museum staff to design activities and to develop an entertaining learning environment for families within the museum.