從敦煌、居延漢簡看漢代邊郡的官、私馬與駱駝

An Analysis of the Official, Private Horses, and Camels in the Boarder of the Country of Han Dynasty from the Dunhuang and Juyan Bamboo Slips

本文分為研究漢代邊郡的官、私馬與駱駝兩部分，透過整理敦煌、居延漢簡相關史料，並結合《史記》、《漢書》等文獻記載，希望能對漢代邊郡的官、私馬與駱駝這個議題進行初步的研討。首先，本文擬從居延漢簡《建武五年十二月令史劾狀》、《駒罷勞病死》、《張宗責馬錢簡》等三個簡冊進行分析，進而一窺漢代邊郡官馬與私馬的分別，其中包括官馬遺失與究責及私馬的死亡與賠償問題，並得出在馬匹的飼養與照顧上，不論官馬與私馬，所受到的待遇基本上是一致的結論。其次，本文試圖透過整理敦煌、居延漢簡中有關漢代邊郡野生、官府飼養及西域敬獻駱駝的基本資料進行分析，探討包括野生駱駝的蹤跡、駱駝與馬匹的價格差異，還有邊郡駱駝飼養及擔任運輸工作的相關問題。

There are two research parts in this article: the official and private horses, and camels in the boarder of the country of the Han Dynasty. According to the systematical analysis from related reference of the Dunhuang and Juyan Bamboo Slips, the author also integrates information from the Grand Historian (Shiji) and Book of Han(Han shu) in order to conduct the preliminary study on the official, private horses and camels in the boarder of the country.First of all, the author does the systematical analysis on the Juyan Bamboo Slips and tries to define the difference between the officials and private horses in the boarder of the country of the Han Dynasty. It includes the loss of the official horses and compensations of the private horses. And the conclusion is that the feeding, care, and the treatment are basically the same regardless of the official and private horses. Secondly, this article attempts to analyze the basic information of the camels in the Han Dynasty from the Dunhuang and Juyan Bamboo Slips. Moreover, it explodes the traces of the wild camels, and the price difference between the camels and horses. This research also discusses the related issues about the camel rearing and transportation.