陳映真的第三世界左翼的去殖民及其困境（以本文紀念沖繩史家屋嘉比收教授與陳映真先生）

Chen Yingzhen’s Third World The Predicament of the Post/Colonial Mental Condition

「社會主義」與「去殖民」存在著什麼樣的歷史關係？本文指出去殖民工作在戰後至今沒有能夠系統性地展開，關乎全球冷戰結構的出現，攔截、延宕了反思運動的契機，去殖民幾乎在歷史中僅僅等同於「獨立／建國」。但是放在東亞區域史來觀察，社會主義運動是極為關鍵的動力，在中國大陸、韓半島、越南等地取得了巨大的進展，成為區域內（外）左傾份子認識世界的基本依託。因此思考去殖民問題時勢必為國際共產運動所牽引。換句話說，我們必須重新清理：第三世界的左翼如何在歷史中看待、處理、思索去殖民問題？帶著上述的問題意識，本文重訪陳映真小說中的第三世界，試圖追溯戰後五、六十年間，作家立足於從隱晦到清晰的左翼位置，是如何書寫、面對新／後／殖民狀況。本文主要討論了〈故鄉〉、〈兀自照耀著的太陽〉、〈唐倩的喜劇〉、〈忠孝公園〉這幾篇小說，呈現的是陳映真在1960年至2005年不斷在思索這個沒完沒了的問題，他知道這是台灣與祖國重新縫合的核心障礙，最終他沒有答案，但至少是三邊得共同面對的問題。

What is the historical connection between socialism and decolonization? This essay argues that the reason why decolonization failed to unfold in a systematic way in the postwar years had something to do with the emergence of global Cold War structure, which intercepted and postponed this crucial project, so that decolonization, historically speaking, became no more than the independence and nation-building of individual countries. However, in East Asia at the same time, socialism occupied such pivotal positions with its great successes in the Mainland China, the Korean Peninsula, and Vietnam. So much so that many leftists inside and outside the region relied upon it as their frame of reference. This juxtaposition prompts us to reexamine how the Third World leftists viewed, tackled, and faced up to decolonization. With this problematic in mind, this essay revisits the Third World in Chen Yingzhen’s fiction by tracing his representations of the neo/post/colonial condition as his leftist conviction grew from vague to firm. By reading closely his short stories “Home Country,” “The Comedy of Tangqian,” “The Sun That Shines On,” and “Zhongxiao Park,” this essay hopes to demonstrate how Chen has been consistently concerned with this issue from 1960 to 2005, because he was fully aware of its being the core obstacle to the reunification of Taiwan and China. Although devoid of an answer in the end, he at foregrounded it as a problem that has to be dealt with by all sides involved.