藥物暴露兒童家庭之親職危機與復原

Parenting Crisis and Recovery on Families with Drug-exposed Children

藥癮家庭為照顧孩童添增許多危機與困境，從兒童福利角度而言，親職復原乃為戒治療效主要方針。本文透過文獻探討有關藥癮家庭的親職危機與復原，從多元面向強調藥癮家庭親職復原的重要，經由親職授課提升照顧知識並非親職改變唯一方針，整體規劃應包括持續家訪追蹤親職及家庭技能的介入，針對這些藥癮背景家庭的個別需求，提供促進家庭互動、維護家庭生活常規、家庭內部行為改變的支持策略等適切的服務。本文最後總結提出看法如下：一、以家庭為核心、以親職建置為方針，有助轉化戒治療效；二、受限服務不足因應多重風險及特殊需求的家庭；三、兒童社會價值低落，支持服務斷層嚴重；四、服務止於家門外，家庭訪視不得其門而入；五、用藥與其特質有脈絡可尋，信任關係有利多元支持；六、藥物暴露兒童之復原支持，始於母親懷孕直到穩定親職建置為止；七、儘早量身訂做藥癮家庭親職方案，有利阻斷代間循環。

Family with drug-exposed will face more crisis and plight in taking care of the drug-exposed children. Seen from the light of child welfare, recovery in parenting is the primary guideline for an efficacious treatment for drug-abusers. Referring to literature and documents, this paper aims to explore the crisis of parenting and its recovery in drug-exposed families, stressing, from the multi-perspective approach, the paramount importance of recovery in parenting. Mere parenting education is not enough to effect changes. What we need is comprehensive plans which include sustaining home visits and the inculcation of family skills. Individual families with past records of drug-addiction should be provided with appropriate packages of supportive service to enhance interactions among family members and maintain family norms, and, simultaneously, these families should be provided with assistive strategies to bring about behavioral changes in family members. Finally, this paper ends with seven conclusions: first, family-centered and reconstruction of parenting is the paramount guideline for promoting the transformation on the effective of drug addiction treatment; second, limited services are not sufficient to deal with families from the multi-risks and special needs; third, depreciation on children by society and severe lack of supporting services; forth, the services ended before house door, no way to find proper approach for home visiting; fifth, the influence would be profound on those context could be found in drug use and character, the trust building would be benefit for multi-support; sixth, the supporting recovery on families with drug-exposed children started from the period of pregnant until to stabilize the parenting reconstruction; seventh, as soon as earlier to tailor made the parenting program for those families affected from drug-exposed, would be possible to blocked the intergenerational cycle. Suggestions will be offered.