經濟發達地區學前教育發展的影響因素與對策

Factors and Countermeasure of the Eevelopment of Preschool Education in Economically Developed Areas

基於已有研究，根據國家2010-2012 年公佈的相關資料，對影響發達地區學前教育發展的各類因素進行了具體分析。結果發現：發達地區學前教育發展的影響因數可分為四個方面：品質因數、機會和投入因數、物質條件因數和負向影響因數，其中品質因數影響最大；發達地區學前教育的發展與其經濟發展並不完全同步，上海、北京學前教育的發展與其經濟發展較為匹配，廣東、浙江的一些指標卻低於全國平均水準；發達地區學前教育城鄉發展不夠均衡，上海、北京城鄉差異較小，廣東城鄉差異顯著，主要表現在生師比、教師學歷和職稱等方面；發達地區幼兒教師未評職稱的比例較高，普遍達到50%。建議加強頂層設計，建立學前教育長效發展機制；繼續加大學前教育投入；建立獨立的幼兒教師職稱晉升系列；著力解決學前教育城鄉均衡發展問題。

Based on previous studies, according to the National data published form 2010 to 2012, the article hypothesize five factors influencing the preschool education in economically developed regions, then explore the hypothesis adopting Factor analysis, and then concrete analysis various factors affecting preschool education in these regions. The results reveal: (1) elements affecting development of preschool education in developed areas can be divided into four factors: quality factor, opportunities and input factors, material basis factors and negative factors. The impact of these four aspects are different, the quality factor have greatest impact on development of preschool education; (2) the development of preschool education in developed regions and its economic development is not fully synchronized;(3) the development of preschool education in developed regions showed different equilibrium problems; (4) most preschool teachers in developed areas unrated titles up to 50% or even more than 80%; (5) different regions have different problems and strengths in development of preschool education. Finally, the paper proposes the following measures： focus on top-level design, build long-term system developing preschool education; continue to increase investment in preschool education; establish an independent preschool teachers job promotion Series and efforts to solve the problem of unbalanced development of urban and rural preschool education.