上海地區高校心理諮詢師倫理判斷與倫理行為調查研究

A Pilot Study of Ethical Judgment and Behavior of University Counselors in Shanghai Area

華人地區在不同的社會狀況下各自發展了心理諮商的專業服務，本研究透過有計畫的問卷施測，在上海地區進行高校心理諮詢師倫理問題之判斷與行為之調查，以期能與先前臺灣地區諮商心理師之調查結果加以比較，以探索華人地區諮商倫理之發展現況。本研究採用問卷調查法，題項以盧怡任、王智弘（2012）的問卷設計為基礎，訂定問卷初稿，經試答、題項修正與倫理專家確認後完成正式問卷。問卷以網路形式發放，結果以SPSS17.0統計軟體進行描述分析。結果發現：1.倫理判斷方面：在81項被調查的倫理行為中，普遍認為不合乎倫理的行為25項，判斷有把握和信心程度高的16項，意見相左的8項；2.倫理行為方面：倫理判斷與行為做法不一致的10項；3.倫理制度設計方面：專業倫理課程和科目應列為心理諮詢師必修課程和證照考試科目；成立心理諮詢師專業倫理委員會；4.上海與臺灣之比較方面：兩岸在調查結果大體類似，但在尊重來訪者之權利與雙重關係相關議題上，臺灣較上海為嚴謹。而相較於美國，華人地區在收費、非性雙重關係與保密議題上皆意見較為分歧，可能涉及華人文化對諮商倫理議題之影響，值得後續研究加以深究。針對調查結果，本研究提出：大陸地區應持續進行相關法律規章與倫理守則之修訂，加強專業倫理之訓練，強化心理諮詢師專業倫理之制度設計與後續研究的建議。

The purpose of this study was to explore the current status of counseling ethics in various Chinese regions by examining ethical judgments and behaviors of college counselors in the Shanghai area and comparing the results with survey findings previously done in Taiwan. This study used the methodology of questionnaire survey. The final questionnaire, initially adapted from the surveys developed by Yi-Jen Lu and Chih-Hung Wang (2012), was developed through the process of pilot testing, item correction, and expert approval. It was administered through email. The results were analyzed by SPSS17.0 for descriptive analysis .Results indicated that 1). Regarding ethical judgment, among the 81 ethical behavior items listed in the survey, 25 were generally considered unethical behavior, 16were rated with high degree of confidence, and 8were ambivalent. 2). With regard of ethical behaviors, 10 items were considered as inconsistent between ethical judgment and behavior. 3) In terms of the design of ethical system, ethics should be a required course in training curriculum and in the license examination, and a national committee of counseling ethics should be established.4). When comparing Shanghai and Taiwan survey results, the findings were generally similar, but counselors in Taiwan were more strict in respecting clients’ right and addressing dual relationship issues. Compared with the US, counselors in Chinese regions were more inconsistent in counseling fee, the way of addressing non sexual dual relationship, and confidential issues which might be affected by Chinese culture and needs to be examined in future research. According to the results, we suggest that relevant laws, regulations, and codes of ethics in mainland China should be continuously revised, trainings in professional ethics for counselors need to be improved, and the design of the counseling ethical system should be strengthened.