一個原住民鄉救災的文化體驗：從無知到知的探索學習

A Cultural Experience in Disaster Trauma Intervention: Exploration and Learning Processes in Working with the Victims of 88 Typhoon at an Aboriginal Village in Taiwan

文化敏感度與文化尊重的心理治療工作，是一種喊口號容易，實作困難的工作心理治療工作者需要先以開放與尊重的態度，從當事人表面的表達中，主動省思文化與環境脈絡下真實意涵，而這過程是一種互相激盪下的學習歷程。本文以時間序方式，敘述在2009年8月8日颱風莫拉克於台灣南部少數民族部落造成災難事件後，一群從外地來的心理健康專業工作者進入災區協助心理健康復健工作時，所遭遇的一些與文化相關事件的省思，訪談對象包括訪談10位從外地至災區服務的心理師（4位臨床心理師；6位諮商心理師）暨7位諮商與臨床心理研究所碩士班研究生，以半結構訪談法蒐集資料。重要發現如下：（1）部落耆老的質疑促使學習原鄉本身的復原力；（2）與個案接觸的方式需調整；（3）善用公權力打開接觸的門檻；（4）創傷壓力篩選工具有可能存在文化偏見；（5）原住民談喜不談憂；（6）精神力量具重要的創傷療愈功能；（7）水患與地震的救災經驗略有不同。並在文末對未來可能至原住民地區進行心理健康工作的工作者應有的文化態度與敏感度訓練的省思歷程形成具體建議。

Cultural sensitivity and respect for culture are concepts that are much easier talked about than put into practice. Psychotherapists applied their attitudes of openness and respect to understand the real meaning of cultural and environmental contexts in their client's expressions. This was a mutual learning process. This research used a time serial order to examine the August 8, 2009 Morakot typhoon which occurred in the southern part of Taiwan. In order to offer help to the victims, a group of volunteers, including four psychologists, six counselors and seven graduate students entered into the disaster area. These graduate students were from the Department of Counseling and Psychology and completed a class on crisis counseling. All of these volunteers came from different counties of Taiwan. A semi-structured interview method was applied to collect the data. Seven themes were found from these volunteers' reflections on relevant cultural events from this disaster. These included: (1) an aboriginal elder's challenge to learn about healing power from the local culture; (2) the need to modify methods of contact; (3) careful application of the government's authority in the disaster rescue process; (4) consideration of potential biases from the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder measurement for screening; (5) smiling as a way for the aborigines to face disaster; (6) the power of spirit as an important factor in trauma resilience; and (7) the different rescue experiences of those involved in the earthquake.