權力、視域與台江海面的交疊──清代台灣府城官紳「登臺觀海」詩作中的人地感興

The Ch’ing Dynasty Imperialist Eye ofMaritime Space in Taiwan:China Officers’ Han Poetry in Tai-ChiangArea

台灣四面環海，尤其對清代游宦人士而言，海洋更是台灣在地理上的特色。綜觀整個清領時期台灣古典詩的海洋書寫，多有藉登臨游泛的機會描寫觀海或泛海時的感懷者。當中讓人關注的是，清代府城地區官紳「登臺觀海」，將海洋相關景物與權力場域的變化結合，藉可「見」之景抒發「不見」之情，進而成為台灣古典詩中相當特殊的區塊。清領前期，天下初定，海洋的澄澈成為來台官員一展「澄清」之志的象徵，希望能讓台灣這塊新開拓的海疆得以和平安樂。而府城官紳感受權力場域的氛圍，藉登台之機，讚頌盛世昇平，機表達自身對權力核心的信任與效忠。然而當局勢穩固，統一天下的欣喜隨著時間消退，海洋成為個人在宦海中浮沉的寄託。游宦文人「登臺觀海」，一方面感嘆海洋造成他們與帝國權力中心的隔閡，一方面海洋卻也是朝向帝國權力中心的唯一途徑。因此清領中期「登臺觀海」詩作中的海洋，普遍夾雜了「遇／不遇」的複雜情感。至於清領後期內亂、外患頻傳，濱海的府城自是嚴陣以待。此時府城地區官紳「登臺觀海」所見之海洋就充滿了威脅，詩作中更是屢屢浮現危機的隱喻。因此，清代官紳對於台江近海之描述，並非單純書寫海洋之自然樣貌，當中更有相當複雜的人文社會之隱喻。尤以登臺觀海之作，因其與權力核心有所連結，雖然描寫的海洋面向不盡相同，或懷古、或歌頌、或焦慮、或愁思，但其書寫之根源皆來自權力場域的影響。這也使得清領時期的台江海面，呈現出豐富的人文意義。

Ocean is the geographical features of Taiwan, especially for the Ch’ing dynastyofficers from mainland. These china Officers often Step on watchtowers in Tainan ,overlook the Tai-Chiang maritime space, and create Han poetry at the same time. Thisact is characteristic in Taiwan Literature. This article is analyzing these Han poetry andthe china Officers mean on Watchtowers.In the Ch’ing dynasty earlier period, “Clear” is a badge for the power field. It’smeant the Ch’ing dynasty eliminate the southern Min dynasty in Taiwan and unitewhole China. When the china officers on watchtowers overlook the Tai-Chiang, theyalso celebrate the “Clear” ocean in Han poetry to express they are loyal to the powercenter.In the later period, Ch’ing dynasty confront the civil strife and foreign aggression.When the china officers on watchtowers overlook the Tai-Chiang, the ocean in Hanpoetry is turbulence.Therefore, the ocean in China Officers’ Han poetry is not only “Nature”, but alsocompared to the power field.