熊十力「本體宇宙論」的反思─論「大海水、眾漚」之喻的合理性

Reflection on Xiong Shili's Ontocosmology: on the Rationality of the Metaphor of “the Ocean and all the Waves”

本文以《新唯識論》（語體文本）為核心文本，試圖簡要的重構熊十力的「本體宇宙論」；以一種論辯的模式，層層推進其義理的合理性，以重探「大海水、眾漚」之喻的意義。本文的第一節扼要帶出撰作的意圖。第二節，著重點出建構熊氏「本體宇宙論」的理論基礎；其中，「見體」既是其哲學的旨要，且需要運用「遮詮」的方法，才能彰顯具有工夫論可能的「即用顯體」的義理。另外，熊氏存有學，最關鍵者在於，將佛家傳統的「刹那生滅」說，收攝到儒家「生生之德」的體性中，轉為一種可能的存有呈現之客觀形式。第三節，通過「即用顯體」和「舉體成用」的對舉，以顯出熊氏存有學內部的理論張力。經過對於「功用」、「翕闢成變」的義理澄清，再進而確認「刹那生滅」的變化性格之理論積極性。第四節，在熊氏「本體宇宙論」扼要重構的基礎上，簡要地回應吳汝鈞教授對於「大海水、眾漚」不確切的詮釋，並企圖給出一種更善意和合理的理解。在結語中，重點回顧重構熊氏「本體宇宙論」與檢討「大海水、眾漚」之喻的理論意義。

Based on Xiong Shili's A New Treatise on Consciousness-only (vernacular Chinese edition), this paper attempts to rebuild his onto-cosmology, tries to proof it rationality in an argumentative way, and also review the metaphor of “the ocean & all the waves” which is usually used in Xiong's works. First of all, I will explain the intention of his writing. Second, I will introduce the basis of his onto-cosmology. “Insight of original reality” is one of the most important concepts in Xiong's philosophy, and he contended that the significance of “original reality is presented through its functions” in selfcultivation theory can only be shown through “negative exposition”. Moreover, the most important key point in Xiong's ontology is to integrate the Buddhist thought of “moment of birth and death” into the Confucian thought of “creative creativity”. Under Xiong's creative understanding, “moment of birth and death” can be the fundamental structure of the phenomena of universe. Third, I will explain the paradox caused by the coexistence of the thought of “original reality is presented through its functions” and that of “original reality is the whole phenomena of the universe” in Xiong's philosophy and show how to resolve it. Moreover, the positive meaning of “moment of birth and death” can be revealed by clarifying the meanings of “function” and “opening and closing, two tendencies of change”. Fourth, I will discuss the misunderstanding of Prof. Ng Yu-kwan on the metaphor of “the ocean & all the waves” and try to provide a more positive and reasonable interpretation on it. In conclusion, I will summarize my reconstruction of Xiong's onto-cosmology and examine the significance of “the ocean & all the waves” in his philosophy.