何楷《古周易訂詁》的訂詁成果析論

Analysis in the methods of the classical errata in Gu zhouyi dinggu by He Kai

何楷乃明末清初重要經學家，本文旨在探討《訂詁》的訂詁成果。何氏的復古思想淵源於明代考據學，《訂詁》在體例及分篇上，有所承，亦有創新。在釋卦、爻畫之象方面，雖然爻變及互體承自先秦，但何氏將之運用在解釋卦、爻畫之象，將卦畫符號與占筮所得的變爻結合。釋經方面有三點值得留意，一是承繼《左傳》、《國語》以爻變釋經；二是以占法解釋用九、用六的意義與作用，三是保存不同的經文、古字與異文、古音與古義。對於卦變說，何氏反對消息卦變及反對卦變，肯定伊川、蘇軾的乾坤卦變說，並加以開展。在圖書之學，既肯定河圖、洛書確實曾存在過；又認為黑白點圖，雖有其精妙之處，應與《易》、〈洪範〉區分。何氏對經文之訓義及義理有其新義，並修訂朱子對太極的說法。在影響方面，何氏在體例的創新，並未為清儒所接受，但在訓詁、釋象與義理解釋上，廣受清儒的重視，對於現代《易》學，何氏《訂詁》亦有其重要貢獻，值得後人重視。

He Kai is an important Yijing scholar during the period of late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, and his Gu zhouyi dinggu was highly evaluated by his contemporary Yijing scholars. This paper will to analyze He Kai's renovation of ancient Zhouyi. and his methods of errata and exegesis in his Gu zhouyi dinggu. Both Tian-He's and Fei-Zhi's methods are combined and complemented by He Kai. Therefore, on the one hand, He Kai edits separating Jing from Zhuan; and on the other hand, on exegesis, he adopts the way of using Zhuan to complement Jing. On chaptering his book, He Kai divides into three parts the first and second sections respectively. On exegesis, He Kai applies two back-to-ancients ways: First, he combines divinatory symbols, Yong jiu, Yong liu and the results of divination and prophecy. Second, he puts emphasis on the form, pronunciation, and meaning of ancient words. On the errata of the classical exegesis in Jing and Zhuan, He Kai synthesizes the advantages of former scholars and develops his own way of studying, which suggests his profound capabilities for learning Yi learning. Errata of the classical exegesis are not completely a back-to-ancients way. Instead, He Kai gives new meanings to ancient works and classical exegesis, and his effort is worth our respect.