未歇的風化力量，未竭的經典意涵——論《毛詩鄭箋》、《詩集傳》與《杲溪詩經補注》的〈二南〉注釋

The Unceasing Power of Cultural Cultivation; The Unremitting Meanings of the Classics: Discussion on “Ernan” Commentaries in Maoshi zhengjian, Shiji zhuan and Gaoxi shijing buzhu

當我們從體其所欲、履其所為的態度與方式，回顧經學史發生的注釋案例，蓋因同情共感注經者的信念和想望、妥貼考察諸經注的形制和詮說，我們或能感受貫穿經學傳統的篤厚信仰，且得領略該詮釋史的豐富內容。本文即是種研究進路下的產物。透過三部具時代特色的《詩經》注釋——《毛詩鄭箋》、《詩集傳》與《杲溪詩經補注》，比對它們對《詩經》中尤重要的〈二南〉諸詩的詮解，我們非旦看到〈詩大序〉「〈周南〉、〈召南〉，正始之道、王化之基」的介說，亦即〈二南〉乃文王施展教化、漸次實現美善世界的富啟示作用詩歌的看法，宛若共識、理念般接續未輟；更看到鄭玄(127-200)、朱熹(1130-1200) 及戴震 (1724-1777) 三位重量級經學家，分別藉由箋、傳與注完成了王者治道曉諭、君子修身指引和先代禮樂評述等面向各有千秋的詩說，以闡揚、發明諸詩價值。要之，詩教風化力量永不止歇、經典豐沛意涵亦取之不竭是類傳統經學的典型現象，在本文研討過程中可謂得到充分揭示。

When we review the various commentary cases in Jingxue 經學 history by observing the ancient interpreters' conception and practicing their attitudes and methods (that is, to sympathize the Jing 經 Commentators' religions and thoughts, and to inspect the constructions and interpretations of every Jing commentaries), we may as well perceive the profound belief rooted in Jingxue tradition, and comprehend the rich contends from Jingcommentary history. The above–mentioned research process casts the base of this essay. Here we are going to take three Shijing 詩經 commentaries: Maoshizhengjian 毛詩鄭箋, Shijizhuan 詩集傳, Gaoxishijingbuzhu 杲溪詩 經補注, each remarkable in their epochs, into comparison. After comparing their commentaries on the “Ernan 二南” poems in Shijing, we find out their similar explication to Shidaxu 詩大序 that “Zhounan 周南 and Zhaonan 召南 reveal the was to appropriateness, and the basic ideas of Zhou kings' state governing”. They seem to indicate that “Ernan” is an inspiring poem serial that reveals how King Zhouwen 周文 practices his ideals on cultural cultivation, and actualizes step by step the world of Beauty and Goodness. It seems that they have reach mutual agreement and value, and made the torch of the belief passed generation after generation. We also discover that the three Jingxue masters: Zhengxuan 鄭玄(127-200), Zhuxi 朱熹 (1130-1200) and Daizhen 戴震(1724-1777), achieve their Jing commentaries on state governing, morality cultivation and ancient courtesy and music with their Jian 箋, Zhuan 傳, and Zhu 注, and thus develop the values of Shijing poems. In general, we are going to discover in this essay that the permanency of the power of cultural cultivation in Shijing, and the availability of the rich meanings in the Classics are the typical phenomena in Jingxue tradition.