陸、王心學一系對易理的詮釋

On the Yi Jing Interpretations of Lu-Wang School

儒家心學體系主要建立在本心、良知之充其極的發展上。人可以無條件行善，因為有一純善之道德意志為動力根源。此純善之道德意志，在心系儒者的見解下，它不僅充當道德實踐之本，同時也是萬物生化之源，宇宙創生之本體。有關良知為生化之源的論述，固然可以從心系儒者的文集、語錄中尋繹得。然而如果從他們闡釋《周易》之理來審視道德本心之為存有之源的內容，也許更能令人明瞭儒家道德存有論之意義，蓋《周易》原是古人闡述生化原理的著作，雖則最早根源是先民占卜吉凶禍福之紀錄。雖然心學在儒學史上也算是一門顯學大宗，然而不是每位列入心學體系的學者均能領悟「即心是天、是理、是性」的奧義，故在此選擇四位對心學之義有通透的證悟，又能旁通《周易》之理的，即象山、慈湖、陽明與龍溪四人為代表，展現心系儒者如何建立他們的體用理論。

The Heart School of Confucianism is set up mainly on the pure moral will, and the Confucianism names the moral will “moral consciousness”. This moral consciousness is the power resources in our practicing virtues, besides, it is also the resource of universe creation at the same time. In the history of western philosophy, probably only Immanuel Kant emphasized the ethical principle would be analysed in the pure moral will, the others but stay at the reasons, such as psychological mood, talent, individual character, etc. But even so, Kant did not think that the pure moral will can be the resource of universe creation, he attributed this resource to God. Those attributed the resource of universe creation to the pure moral will, in the history of western and Chinese philosophy , just the Heart schools of Confucianism. The discussions about which the moral consciousness is the resource of universe creation no doubt can be acquired from the Heart School of Confucianism. But if we examine their views from their explanations about the law of the Yi Jing, we perhaps can more advancedly understand the moral ontology of Confucianism. Because Yi Jing is originally a book which the ancients expounded their views of cosmology, even though its first purpose is how to divinize it. In this paper will discuss four outstanding persons in the Heart School of the Confucianism: Lu Xiang-shan, Yang Chien , Wang Yang-ming , and Wang Ji, regarding them as representatives to investigate their main idea with the thoughts of Yi Jing, and to study what a content of explaining 64 Hexagrams to follow this aim!