王國維的哲學觀念

Wang Guowei's Idea of Philosophy

在中國學習、接受西方哲學的歷史中，王國維無疑是其一位開風氣的先鋒。他從1898 年初識哲學這一學問，以至在1908 年戞然而止，以為「可愛者不可信，可信者不可愛」，因此決然放棄哲學並轉向古史考證的研究。然由於王國維在當時對西方哲學的學習和認知，以至於進一步發揮，事實上樹立良多，尤其是對有關文學批評的哲學基礎之探討，更是膾炙人口。不過，對於王國維自己在哲學觀念一般的把握以及理解，似乎仍未有深入的探討，因此本文嘗試就王國維本人的學習、接受的痕跡及線索，重新結組他對於哲學的觀念把握，並希望藉由此來為其思想的理論性背景提供更多一些思考的接點。

In the reception history of Western philosophy in China, Wang Guowei is without doubt a pioneer. From the first contact with Western philosophy in 1898 and stop to study in 1908 for the reason that 'the belovable is unbelievable, and believable is unbelovable,' he turned to study the Chinese ancient history and ancient inscriptions. But, at all events, Wang Guowei as an introducer of the Western philosophy had did many contributions for the Chinese. He is the first specialist in the philosophy of Kant and Schopenhauer and is also a systematic thinker in modern Chinese aesthetics and literary criticism. But the question how the philosophy of Wang Guowei was built is always lack the investigation. In this paper I try to trace back the way of Wang Guowei's autodidactic learning in the Western philosophy and consequently in view of this to indicate the scope and insight of his understanding and idea of philosophy h berhaupt. I will too let this treatise as a part of the series of my studies on the formation of ideas of philosophy in Modern China.