清末滬尾烽火段港埠經貿空間場域特質

Research on the Commercial Significance of the Spatial Field of Tamsui Treaty Port in Late-Qing Era

滬尾烽火段位居淡水河出海口，對內可直通台北盆地，自清朝以來即成為中國沿海漢人來北台灣移墾及商貿往來的必經之路徑。其地理位置極為重要，清廷水師守備營即駐紮於此。在經濟上，因地緣關係一直扮演北台灣諸多經濟資源如稻米、蔗糖等經濟作物與對岸重要的進出口貿易轉運處。十九世紀中葉，西方列強覬覦北台灣市場的物產資源豐富以及經濟發展潛力，於1858年英法聯軍之役清廷戰敗後簽定《天津條約》，強將滬尾烽火段開放為對外通商口岸，迫使其使用機能從清廷軍事用地轉為以洋行經貿商務為主的洋商永久租借地。本研究以此列強──清廷不對等權力下所產生之滬尾烽火段空間使用機能轉變為時代背景，探討港埠空間場域內洋行經貿商務行為在新建港埠用地之區位選擇、空間定性、場域建築配置、洋行建築空間等面向上的呈現。在港埠區位上，詮釋滬尾烽火段具土地完整且未開發以及遠離華人街區等兩大經貿條件。在空間定性上，分析以滿足洋行經貿商務需求為主之海關、領事館、以及洋行辦公室、宿舍、廠房、倉庫、碼頭等建築之經貿條約依據。在場域建築配置上，探討為利於貨物的進出以及動線規劃，整體港埠空間場域呈狹長形狀，洋行建築沿海岸線成排配置，有各自進出貨碼頭，以呈現最佳通商口岸經貿空間配置型態之議題。盼能了解在複雜之政治、經濟及社會環境等因素交錯下，滬尾烽火段港埠空間場域之經貿特質。

Being situated at the estuary of Tam-sui River and able to go straight to Taipei Basin from there, the Hu-wei Feng-huo section had been the historic transiting place for people from mainland China to immigrate and trade in Northern Taiwan since the Qing era. Because of its strategic position, the Qing authority deployed the armed forces in the region. In economic perspectives, the area also played the crucial role in transporting the agricultural products such as rice, sugar, tea, etc. from Northern Taiwan to mainland China. Being coveting the abundant Northern Taiwanese resources in mid-19 Century, the Western Superpowers forced the Qing authority to assign the section as a treaty port, and transfer the original tactical garrisoned area into the concession zone mainly for the hong trading purpose, commencing with the Treaty of Tien-tsin in 1858. Under the factual context that the transference of the spatial function of Hu-wei Feng-huo section had been produced by the unequal power struggle between Western Superpowers and Qing authority, this research is to explore the manifestation of the newly hong business model in the spatial field of the treaty port, focusing on the aspects of the site preference, the spatial qualitative analysis, the layout, and the hong architectural space, etc. In terms of locality, the research is to expound the advantage of the site on the circumstances of its undeveloped land status and its distance from the Chinese people. As regards to the qualitative analysis, the research is to specify the listed architectural space, including the Custom House, and the Consulates, and the hong offices, factories, wharves, dormitory, etc., required for the trading purpose. As far as the layout is concerned, the research is to reveal the reality that the best strategy to organize the harbor quarter is to create an elongated space along the coast by lining the hong buildings up, one next to the other, in order to provide an easy access to the waterfront. On the whole, the aim of the research is to manifest the commercial significance of the spatial field of the Hu-weiFeng-huo treaty port under the complex political, economic, and social influences.