國家再尺度化與區域路徑依賴：南韓首爾市與大德科學園區的比較

State Re-Scaling and Regional Development: Seoul and Daedeok in South Korea

本文以多尺度分析架構，探討亞洲金融風暴後，南韓空間與產業政策更張，以及國家再尺度化過程的政治角力。透過生物科技產業在南韓首爾大都會區與大田市的大德科學園區的發展為個案，來分析南韓面對全球化競爭所面臨的挑戰與困境。結果發現南韓改變過去直接干預的「發展型國家」介入方式，轉而鼓勵中小企業、均衡區域發展，重塑國土空間配置及產業結構的比重。然因區域路徑依賴因素：(1)中央與地方行動者因利益無法協調而時有衝突或抗爭，以及(2)兩地既有的發展脈絡及制度遺緒使然，南韓政府重塑國土空間與轉型產業結構的企圖現已遭遇瓶頸。

Under a multi-scale analytical framework, this study reveals changes in spatial and industrial policies as well as political struggles under the process of state re-scaling in South Korea following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. This study also compares cases of biotechnology industry development in two regions, the Seoul metropolitan area and the Daedeok Science Park in Daejeon City, to illustrate how globalization is challenging Korea. Rather than using direct intervention known as “developmental state model,” the Korean government has attempted to rearrange spatial allocations and its industrial structure, coupled with support for small- and medium-sized enterprises to balance regional development. However, analytical results demonstrate that (1) dynamic political struggles exist between local actors and the state; and, (2) the divergent regional advantages of two regions, which were accumulated from previous “developmental state” strategies, frustrate rescaling efforts by the Korean state.