新高港都市計畫與台中港特定區計畫規劃範型之比較分析

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE PLANNING PARADIGM OF CITY PLANNING BETWEEN SHIN-KAO AND TAICHUNG PORT

日治晚期1940年規劃完成的「新高港都市計畫」案，可以代表當時所接納的都市規劃理念及嚮往範型。光復後台灣大小市鎮，大部分均沿用日治時期規劃的都市計畫，但1971年公布的「台中港特定區計畫」案，全面否定原有的新高港都市計畫。由於兩者的規劃內容差異極大，值得探討截然不同的規劃案的背景，及比較不同時期流行的規劃理念。基本上，新高港計畫案深受1930年代國際間處理工業化、都會化所流行的規劃理念及技法。採整體的、藍圖式的都市計畫，偏重配合產業經濟的發展。台中港特定區計畫之研擬，正值聯合國顧問參與台灣區域計畫時期，因此直接引入了歐美都市計畫專業教育及法制，並採用鄰里單元規劃理念，重視社區居住及設施計畫，都市發展採分期分區的單元成長模式。經由比較分析後得到土地使用及設施計畫的心得，對當前六年國建新市鎮、新社區計畫提出若干歷史經驗的建議。

The Shin-kao port urban plan, drawn in 1940, can be used to reflect the urban planning theory and ideal paradigm in the late Japanese colonial period. After the restoration of Taiwan to the Republic of China, most of the Japanese-drawn urban plans were still adopted and implemented. However, not only the name of Shin-kao port had been changed to Taichung port, but also the whole planning ideology and paradigm had been shifted to a totally new direction. Due to the great difference of the two versions, it is therefore worth exploring the background and comparing the planning paradigms of these two plans. Basically, the Shin-kao port urban plan was deeply influenced by the planning theories and techniques designed to deal with industrialization and urbanization in the 1930s. The plan adopted comprehensive blue-print planning concept, and focused on development which can aid industry and economy. The Taichung port special district plan, on the other hand, absorbed urban planning professional education and systems adopted by American and European countries in the 1970s, when the United Nations consultants were involved in regional planning in Taiwan. The plan adopted the neighborhood unit concept, focused on community housing and facility planning. The plan also used the planning unit growth concept to deal with urban development issues. Based on the comparision and analysis of the two plans, this paper proposes some land use and facility plan concepts which can provide useful historical experiences and suggestions for the Six-year national development plan currenthy under construction.