多目標決策方法在公共設施區位選擇之應用－－以台北工專新校址評選為例

A MULTIORJECTIVE DECISION MAKING APPROACH TO PUBLIC FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEM: A CASE STUDY OF NEW CAMPUS LOCATION DECISION FOR NTIT

公共設施區位問題乃是公共部門尋求如何配置公共設施於適當地點，俾使設定之目標最適化。其主要目的在於解釋經濟體系中，有關公共設施在空間分佈的情形，為區域科學中相當重要的一環。此等公共設施區位問題往往牽涉到政策、社會、經濟、環境、交通與技術等多個影響層面，絕非傳統以單目標為考慮的方法所能勝任，代之而起的乃是多目標決策分析方法的應用。鑑此，本研究根據問題特性，應用三階段之方式建立多目標決策分析模式，包括(1)篩選模式；(2)多準則評估模式；(3)群體決策模式，其中，篩選模式考慮之篩選條件為不可互償之準則；多準則評估模式則以可互償之準則綜合考量，並結合AHP與排列評估法求解；群體決策模式以具有代表性的適當人選組成專家群，並以折衷規劃法整合不同專家的意見，俾輔助決策，提昇公共事務決策品質，並落實民主真諦。為進一步驗證模式，本研究以台北工專新校址評選為例進行個案分析，分析結果及分析模式除可供台北工專及教育部相關主管參考外，亦可供其他新成立或改制之大專院校，以及政府相關單位在處理公共設施區位問題時之參考。

This paper proposes an integrated model which consists of (1) the screening model (2) the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model (3) the group decision making model to evaluate public facility locations. While screening model relies on the non-compensable criteria for screening, the MCDM model depends on the compensable criteria for comprehensive evaluation and looks for preferred solution with the application of the AHP and permutation method. As for the group decision making model, it involves a group of experts made up of representative, suitable choices and synthesizes the viewpoints of experts by means of the compromise programming method, and its purpose is to help public affairs decision-making, elevate its quality and establish the true essence of democracy. Finally, the decisions of the new campus location for NTIT is illustrated to verify these models.