日治時代之臺北市近代都市計畫（一）－－都市計畫之萌芽與展開

CONTEMPORARY TAIPEI CITY PLANNING IN JAPANESE COLONIAL AGE (I) －BEGINNING AND DEVELOPING OF CITY PLANNING－

日本統治臺灣50年間，殖民地政府引入歐美近代都市計畫之制度與計畫手法，經由本文之研究，對於臺北市近代都市計畫之發展歷程，可歸納其歷史分期為萌芽期（1895～1904年）、展開期（1905～1935年），及法制之確立期（1936～1945年）。本文為關乎上述歷史分期中第1、2期之研究，至於都市計畫法制之確立與實施，另文論述之。臺北近代都市計畫之萌芽期，著力於都市公共衛生、公共交通之改善，及都市計畫制度之草創；展開期則著重於都市整體發展之規劃，及近代都市設施之建設。質言之，萌芽期之1900年「畫北城內市區計畫」乃統治初期之應急計畫，計畫範圍侷限於統治核心之「臺北城內」地區。展開期之1905年「臺北市區計畫」，則以連結清代「三核式」之市街（艋舺、大稻埕、城內地區），促成都市之整體發展為目標；同期之1932年「臺北市區計畫」則確立臺北市之現代都市空間結構。近代都市計畫之規劃手法，至此已然成熟，但計畫之內涵與制度，仍有待於整體性法制之建立。

In the 50 years of Japanese colonial age, Taiwan was endued with European planning innovations. Development of contemporary Taipei city planning could be concluded into Beginning stage (1895-1904), Developing stage (1905-35), and Enacting (1936-45). This Paper presented study on first two stages, the final stage to be presented separately. Aim in the Beginning stage was at improving environmental health, transportation and setting planning system; while in the Developing stage was on formulating comprehensive development plan and infrastructure construction. In essence, 'Taipei Inner City Plan 1900' of the first stage was an emergency plan for administration center 'Taipei Inner Area'. By annexing two Ching Dynasty settlements the 'Taipei City Plan 1905' pursued the development aim in a 'Three Center' pattern. The 'Taipei City Plan 1932' set up the modern urban structure, await enacting a comprehensive legal system.