斯坦因所獲吐魯番「長行坊」文書研究──以唐律相關條文為核心

A Study of the Turpan Documents Acquired by Marc Aurel Stein: Focusing on the Related Clauses of Tang Codes

唐代西北地區的交通通訊主要是用馬來傳遞，這些馬匹稱作「長行馬」，而由「長行坊」來負責管理這些馬匹。唐律及《天聖令》附唐令中有許多有關馬匹管理及有過失處罰等相關的條文，透過這些條文可對唐代馬政的管理有所瞭解，並可透過吐魯番文書中相關文書的內容，來檢驗這些條文的規定，是否有被嚴格地執行。由於「長行坊」的制度，對於在當時交通不便的西北地區的通訊及運輸，起了相當大的作用，故本文乃對相關文書進行探討，期能增進對「長行坊」制度及功能的瞭解，並藉文書內容，來檢驗唐律相關條文的規定，是否被嚴格地執行，期望能對此課題有進一步的瞭解及認識。

Horses were the primary means of transportation communication in the North-Western region of the Tang Dynasty. These horses were called Long-distance Horses and were governed by the Long-distance Bureau. In Tang Codes and Tian-Sheng Statutes, there were many clauses regarding the regulation and disciplining of these horses. By analyzing these clauses, we can understand the Long-distance Horse regulation during Tang Dynasty. In addition, by studying the relevant Turpan Documents we can examine whether these clauses were strictly executed. Thanks to the system instituted by the Long-distance Bureau, the communication and transportation for the North Western region were greatly improved. In this study, the related documents are investigated in hopes that we can have a deeper understanding of the system and functions of the Long-distance Bureau.