自我控制、親子依附、師生依附、父母監督與青少年適應間關聯性的探究

Examination of parent-child attachment, teacher-student attachment, parental monitoring and self-control on adolescent adjustment

青少年時期在生命進程中具有關鍵性的地位，青少年介於兒童與成人之間，青少年時期的適應對一個人的一生有關鍵性的影響。理解影響青少年適應的重要因素，有助於青少年社會工作者和個案及其家庭與學校工作。本研究探究親子依附、師生依附、父母監督與自我控制和青少年適應之間的關聯性，一方面探究自我控制和親子依附、師生依附、父母監督對適應的影響，另一方面探究親子及師生依附、父母監督如何藉由促進自我控制進而促進青少年的適應。本研究使用問卷調查法，國高中職學生共1,728人填答問卷。研究結果發現親子和師生依附對自我控制和內向性、外向性適應困難有顯著性，父母監督對自我控制和外向性適應困難有顯著性；親子和師生依附並能透過自我控制間接影響內向性、外向性適應困難，而父母監督能透過自我控制間接影響外向性適應困難；且自我控制對外向性適應困難的影響多於內向性適應困難。依據研究結果提出針對內向性適應困難、外向性適應困難、自我控制的實務建議，希望能協助社會工作者擬定適當處遇。

Adolescence, a period between childhood and adulthood, plays a significant role to future adjustment and well-being. Therefore, it is important for social workers to investigate and understand factors that foster adolescent adjustment. The present study investigated the effect of parent-child attachment, teacher-student attachment, parental monitoring and self-control on adolescent adjustment. We expected that parent-child and teacher-student attachments and parental monitoring would affect adjustment, and so would self-control. Furthermore, parent-child and teacher-student attachments and parental monitoring would affect adjustment through self-control. We sampled 1,728 adolescents in junior, senior, and vocational high schools. Using questionnaires, our results showed that there were significant relationships between parent-child and teacher-student attachments, self-control, and adolescent internalizing problems, and there were significant relationships between parent-child and teacher-student attachments, parental monitoring, self-control, and adolescent externalizing problems. Self-control partly explained the relationship between parent-child and teacher-student attachments and internalizing problems and between parent-child and teacher-student attachments and parental monitoring and externalizing problems. Self-control affected more externalizing than internalizing behavior. Practice implications were discussed hoping to support social workers making relevant interventions on issues of adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems and self-control.