從多元文化觀點反思外籍配偶入國前輔導工作的實施

A Reflection of Practices of Pre-Entry Counseling of Foreign Spouses in Taiwan－A perspective of Multiculturalism

在二十一世紀的開端，多元文化已成為台灣社會新的價值與共識，而從多元文化觀點來建構以婚姻方式移居台灣社會的新移民社會福利體制更是受到極大關注。本文即以多元文化來對〈外籍與大陸配偶照顧輔導措施〉以及〈外籍配偶照顧輔導基金〉所著重辦理與補助的重要措施：「外籍配偶入國前輔導」進行反思。探究此措施的制定緣由，以及基於觀察、訪談台灣駐越南兩個外館處的執行經驗，本文提出外籍配偶入國前輔導此一措施的立意良善，且執行單位盡心盡力執行，但是該措施的制定與執行卻存在兩個值得深省議題。一是入國前輔導僅套用於台灣與東南亞以及台灣與大陸的跨國（境）婚姻，來自已開發國家之外籍配偶並不納入考量，此實施方法可能將以婚姻方式移居到台灣的新移民在種族、階級的光譜中予以「階層化」。另一是同化主義的瀰佈，「『防止』越籍配偶將『壞習慣』帶進台灣」以及「『保護』越籍配偶免於受到人口販運與家暴等惡行迫害」是越南兩個外館在執行入國前輔導時很重要的主軸，但卻可能傳達出越籍配偶的原生文化是「有缺陷而必須被改變」的同化意涵。立基於上述兩個反思議題，本文最後針對外籍配偶入國前輔導此一措施的改善方向提出建議。

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Multiculturalism has become Taiwan's new social value which has also been emphasized when the government develops the care and service policy to foreign spouses. Thus this paper is a reflection of the practices of “pre-entry counseling of foreign spouses” (PECFS) from the perspective of Multiculturalism. PECFS, funded by “Foreign Spouse Care and Consultation Foundation”, has been hold by the representative offices in Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines since 2005. This measure is taken to increase foreign spouses' understanding of human trafficking and information of living in Taiwan. However, two problematic issues can be addressed. One is the phenomenon of “stratified marriage immigrants” is created because only the foreign spouses from Southeast Asia and China are asked to participate PECFS. This indicates that the foreign spouses from developed countries are “civilized” while those from China and Southeast Asia are “uncivilized”. The other is the practices of PECFS are featured with assimilation. Based on interview data and participant-observation to practice of PECFS in the two representative offices in Vietnam in June 2012, I found that “stopping Vietnamese spouses from coming to Taiwan with ‘bad habits'” and “protecting Vietnamese spouses against human trafficking and domestic violence” are strongly emphasized. This implies that immigrant wives from Vietnam are regarded as “essential problem-makers” who thus need to be “assimilated”, “educated” and “protected” by PECFS before they migrate to Taiwan. This paper thus concludes by making suggestions for further enhancing PECFS.