兒童照顧政策與福利體制的路徑變遷：瑞典、德國與美國之比較

The Changing Paths of the Child Care Policy and Welfare Regimes: A Comparison among Sweden, Germany and United States

隨著經濟全球化、後工業轉型，以及就業型態的改變，女性勞動力參與率日益提高。這不僅對傳統福利資本主義體制所形塑的家計承擔者模式造成衝擊，更進一步形成人口老化與少子女化的現象，從而危及福利國家的運作。本文擬就西方福利國家體制的三個原型：社會民主體制的普涵性家計承擔者模式－－瑞典、保守主義體制的男性家計承擔者模式－－德國，以及自由主義體制的市場導向模式－－美國，針對二次世界大戰結束後的兒童照顧政策路徑進行生命歷程的制度分析。我們試圖釐清不同改革理念對福利體制背後的家計承擔者模式所產生的影響，以及這樣的變化對於就業和兒童照顧工作之間的平衡所具有的政策意涵。

With the economic globalization, the transformation of post industrialized, and the change of employment pattern, the women's labor participation is still rising. This phenomenon not only affected the breadwinner model which were shaped by the welfare regime, but also caused the consequence of baby bust and ageing population. This article will explore the changing paths of welfare regimes which includes the social democracy-Sweden, the conservatism-Germany, and the liberal- the U.S., We try to clarify the effect of reform ideas for the changing paths of breadwinner model behind the welfare regimes, and the policy implications for the work and life balance.