以引力模式改善高雄市公車系統服務範圍之實證研究

Improving Public Transportation Bus System Service Area by Gravity Model in Kaohsiung City

2010年高雄縣與高雄市合併升格為大高雄都會區，然而，高雄市原有縣市發展由於城鄉差距及人口密度不同，居民對公車系統的服務需求有所不同，容易產生供需失衡的現象。因此，本研究試圖檢視高雄市大眾運輸公車系統服務區域與區域發展間的關係，希冀找出各區域較佳的公車服務範圍，本研究採用經濟地理學之引力模式（Gravity Model）並結合地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System, GIS）對旗山站、岡山站、左營高鐵站、高雄車站、小港站及鳳山站等六個公車轉運站進行分析。研究結果發現，部分轉運站間的連結關係強弱差異極大，此外，部分轉運站路線亦出現供需失衡之現象。根據研究分析結果，本研究建議高雄市政府交通局及公車業者，未來可增加引力關係較大的轉運站如高雄車站和鳳山站、左營高鐵站和高雄車站等轉運中心間的公車班次及路線數，以提高其交通運輸供給量，平衡失衡的情況。

Kaohsiung City and County merged into Kaohsiung metropolitan area in 2010. The original counties development gap and different population density in each area, since the residents’ demands for the service of bus system service from the development gap and population density in different areas, and it leads to the imbalance between supply and demand. This purpose of the study is to analyze the appropriateness of public transportation bus system service area in Kaohsiung metropolitan area. The study applies Gravity Model and Geographic Information System (GIS) to investigate the Ci-Shan station, Gang-Shan station, Zuo-Ying (THSR) station, Kaohsiung station, Siao-Gang station, Fong-Shan station. These results are as follows: (a) There exist significant differences in the gravitational relationship between part of the transfer stations. (b) There exist imbalances in the supply and demand of the bus routes between part of the transfer stations. According to the result, this study suggests transportation bureau of Kaohsiung city government and bus companies can increase the number of flights and route in part station, such as Kaohsiung station to Fong-Shan station, and Zuo-Ying (THSR) station to Kaohsiung station, in order to improve transport supply amount, and reduce imbalances in the supply and demand of the bus routes.