徒步導覽－－都市文化政治場域與正當化框架

Urban Walking Tours as A Field of Cultural Politics and Legitimacy Framework

本文探討徒步導覽的運作邏輯，如何是具正當化效果的認知框架，並成為晚近越發明顯的文化政治場域。作者彙整官方檔案、書籍報刊與網路資訊，佐以參與式觀察經驗，檢視五種徒步導覽型態的歷史進程，包括：古蹟巡禮、地方文史踏查、自然生態解說、生活風格遊憩，以及社會倡議與培力。本文接續de Certeau視徒步為戰術的觀念，援引Bourdieu的文化階序與象徵權力觀點，指出具有知識傳授意涵，因而富有正當性的導覽框架，有可能轉化邊緣社群與地景的形象，進而向主流爭取認可和資源。於是，都市徒步導覽不僅能引導認知，也是一種介入性行動，甚至可能是文化的生產機制。

This article explores how the mechanism of walking tours manifests itself as a recognition framework with legitimizing effect, and hence a rising field of cultural politics in recent years. Via the compilation of official documents, publications, journalism, online information as well as participatory observation, the author examines the historical process of five types of walking tours, including parade-like historic tours, local cultural tours, tours featuring natural environment, tours of stylish consumption and tours aiming to promote social issues as well as empowerment. Following de Certeau’s notion of regarding walking as a tactic, this article further refers to Bourdieu’s ideas of cultural hierarchy and symbolic power to suggest that the framework of a guiding tour, which implies the impartation of knowledge and therefore a sense of legitimacy, could alter the image of marginalized communities and landscapes, enabling them to fight for recognition and resources from the mainstream. Walking tours in the city are therefore not only capable of guiding recognition, but also an intervention into the society as well as a possible mechanism of cultural production.