風險分類與道德風險－－汽車保險未限定駕駛人保單的損失評估

RISK CLASSIFICATION AND MORAL HAZARD LOSS EVALUATION OF AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE POLICIES WITHOUT DRIVER RESTRICTION

本文分析國內汽車保險市場中，常見的被保險人與事故駕駛人為不同一人的現象與影響。經由三項假說的驗證，本研究發現在2002年的保單年度資料中，(1)被保險人與駕駛人為不同一人的理賠保單，多數可獲得保費的節省；(2)被保險人與駕駛人的年齡差距呈雙峰分配，表現出夫與妻、家長與子女的年齡差距分布，並與內政部統計的資料趨勢相吻合；(3)被保險人與駕駛人為不同一人之平均理賠頻率，在各種情況下均顯著高於同一人理賠保單的平均理賠頻率，顯示不同一人保單駕駛人的風險類別確實被低估，形成一種特殊的道德風險。而迴歸結果顯示，被保險人與駕駛人若為不同一人的模式，夫與妻共用保單的風險將遠低於家長與子女共用保單的風險。

This study analyzes a common phenomenon in the automobile insurance market, that the claimed driver is usually not the policyholder. Based on three hypotheses and data in the 2002 policy year, this study finds that (1) premium expenditures can be saved for most of the claimed policies when drivers are not policyholders; (2) the age difference between policyholders and drivers displays a distribution with two peaks, representing the age discrepancies for husband-wife and parent-child relationships, respectively, consistent with age patterns provided by government; (3) the average loss frequency of policies when drivers are not policyholders is higher than that when drivers and policyholders are the same person, indicating that the risk of insurance policies without driver restriction is underestimated. This research confirms that the insurance policies without driver restriction induce a special form of moral hazard in Taiwan automobile insurance market.