博物館展示更新之策略規劃系統芻議

A Proposal for Strategic Planning System of Museum Exhibition Renewal

徒有意志力不能移山，要有推土機才行。如果說意志力代表使命，那麼推土機就是策略。策略是企業在競爭場中求生存的方法，也是博物館追求永續經營的關鍵。博物館為了增加參觀人數及持續吸引觀眾，展示更新是一個必要的作法。任一博物館遲早都要面臨展示更新的課題，然而博物館之展示更新作業相當的龐雜繁瑣，計畫之前必先要有策略規劃，以為行動的指導原則及資源分配的依據。本文提出「GEARS」的展示更新策略規劃系統以為思考架構，它代表博物館展示更新決策考量的五個步驟，意即：博物館的展示為了達成某一目的（G），經由環境（E）的分析與觀眾（A）的研究，在資源（R）分配優先次序的考量下，形成一適當的展示更新策略（S）「GEARS」模式適合科學博物館之展示更新及展示開發決策考量，亦適合其他類型博物館之展示決策思考。在變動的年代，面對新環境的挑戰，博物館必要有新思維，做好策略規劃，方能突破困境，永續經營。而博物館之展示更新在經過一層層因素的剖析下，方向將逐漸地清晰明朗，可以避免遭遇漫無目標或力量分散的危險。

To move a mountain, having the will is not enough. You also need a bulldozer. The will represents the sense of mission and the bulldozer is the strategy. Strategy is necessary for an enterprise to survive in a competitive market. With the same token, strategy is the key factor for sustainable management of a museum. To increase the number of visitors and to continue attracting audience, a museum has to renew its exhibitions. Sooner or later, any museum will face the task of exhibition renewal. However, it takes a lot of work to renew an exhibition; thus, before making any plan, strategic planning is needed to provide action guidelines and references for resource allocation.