清代熱河總管的職權及其功能

Functions of the Supervisor of Rehe in the Qing Dynasty

學界過去對於熱河總管衙門並沒有太多深入的研究，至今對於熱河總管衙門的建置沿革、職務一直沒有系統性的探討。本文擬從官書、檔案，以及《熱河園庭現行則例》論述熱河總管設立的經過，與該員在熱河一地所扮演的角色。熱河總管設於康熙四十二年（1703），最初職務是統率內務府三旗漢軍負責熱河行宮與口外行宮的安全，但後來熱河總管的職務逐漸擴大。乾隆、嘉慶時期，熱河總管衙門不僅負責熱河行宮與口外行宮的管理與修繕，還管理熱河當地官房官莊、木蘭圍場的維持、外八廟喇嘛事務等事務，不僅工作內容相當多元，其重要性不亞於熱河都統。但道光年間以後，因皇帝不再至熱河當地巡幸、行圍，其重要性逐漸降低，只負責口外行宮、外八廟的管理與當地官莊的維持，當年風采已不復見。最後於光緒三十年（1904）被裁撤，其所屬事務歸入熱河都統管轄。

The role of Rehe's supervisor lacks enough research in the past. In 1703, this official position was established and responsible for the security of the summer's palace in Chengde. The supervisor gradually expanded its duties during the Qianlong's(乾隆)and Jiaqing's(嘉慶)periods, the supervisor managed the royal palace in Chengde, the imperial household estates, Tibetan Buddhist affairs, and Mulan Paddock. Since the emperor of Daoguang(道光) no longer went to Chengde's royal summer palace, the importance of Rehe's supervisor decreased and the position was abolished in 1904.