從口述歷史視野看兩蔣總統的醫療與健康

Medical Treatment and Health of Presidents Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo: Viewed from Oral History

本文主要是探討蔣介石與蔣經國兩位總統在台灣的醫療照護，及其對醫師、疾病與日常生活健康的看法與態度。元首醫療，由於事涉私人與檔案不易見到，加上與國家大歷史發展的關係較少，所以過去每易為史家所忽略。但或許是基於好奇，民間文史工作者或媒體卻反而對兩蔣的疾病與身體狀況有許多猜測與傳言，遂導致事實的真相模糊不清。本於史家追求真相的職責，過去因資料不足，巧婦難為無米之炊，無法掌握某些歷史事實的解釋權，但從學界陸續出版的醫師、醫院和侍從人員等類型的口述歷史，有不少內容已補充了這些空白之處。這些口述的史料，急待史家賦予歷史意義，並提高口述史料本身之價值。當然，透過本文的研究，也可以來探討這些在元首身邊的醫師、侍衛對兩蔣的看法，讓我們可以看到做為「凡人」的元首，以及兩蔣的不同個性與態度，如何形塑其對身體與疾病的認知；並且，口述者本身對元首的看法，有時也牽涉到一種特別的醫病關係建構，從而我們也可以來檢討口述者敘述的各種角度，這對檢討口述史料的價值與應用，也是有意義的。

This paper discusses the medical care of late President Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo in Taiwan and their viewpoints and attitudes toward doctors, disease, and health in their daily life. It is not easy to find the medical treatment archives of both presidents due to their privacy and secrets. In addition, there is no close relationship between the medical treatment of the head of state and the overall national historical development, so it was often ignored by the historians in the past. However, the folk literature and history workers or media have many speculations and rumors of the disease and physical conditions of the two presidents. Based on the oral history provided by medical doctors and attendants of the two presidents, this paper not only examines the doctor-patient relationship and both presidents' views toward their physical condition and disease, but also delivers the image of both presidents as “common people.”