以氣氛理論建構並解讀觀賽休閒者的情緒感染

Construction and Explanation of Leisure Spectators’ Emotional Contagion from the Atmosphere Theory Perspective

本研究以休閒者的個人參與經驗，探討觀賞球賽之觀眾如何受到球場氣氛之影響，進而發生「情緒感染」歷程。運用標準抽樣法與滾雪球抽樣法訪談18位球場觀眾，再以內容分析法進行資料分析。研究發現：（1）情緒感染的來源包括球場人物、球賽賽況與球場氣氛；（2）情緒感染結果為愉悅與興奮等正向情緒；（3）休閒者經由球場人、事、物等外來刺激，會形成個人情緒感染的機制歷程，包括情緒模仿、情緒反饋與情緒感染狀態，最後產生感染後的情緒反應與表現。本研究結果可作為日後運動休閒心理研究議題之參考，建議運動休閒產業管理者善用情緒感染的刺激因素提升感染力，結合動作、口號與活動設計，誘發休閒者的集體情緒，以豐富觀賽者的情緒體驗。

The purpose of this study was to develop leisure participants’ processes and experiences of emotional contagion at sport events. A total of 18 stadium spectators were interviewed using the criterion sampling and snowball sampling methods.The content analysis approach was conducted to analyze the data.The results show that (1) the sources of emotional contagion include characters, performances, and stadium atmosphere; (2) the affective responses of emotional contagion include pleasure and excitement; and (3) the emotional contagion model (i.e., emotional mimicry -emotional feedback -emotional contagion) was developed.The results of this study explain the emotional contagion process of leisure participants, and contribute to the knowledge of leisure psychology. Leisure practitioners can utilize the stimulating factors of emotional contagion to evoke the collective emotions of leisure participants through actions, slogans and activity designs, and further enrich the emotional experiences of the participants.