男女幸福大不同？──父母教養、教師管教與同儕關係品質對不同性別國中生幸福感預測之差異分析

Are Degrees of Well-being Between Genders Different? - Comparative Analysis of Gender Well-being as Effected by Parenting, Teacher Discipline, and Peer Relationship Quality in Junior High School Students

青少年的問題是：「種因於家庭、顯現於學校，惡化於社會」本研究從國中教學現場的視角，來探討家庭與學校二個重要層面中，父母教養、教師管教與同儕關係品質對國中學生幸福感的影響程度；此外，此階段的青少年其性別角色行為正逐漸成形，從過去文獻可知不同性別的國中生在社會認知層面的判斷，有許多不同之處，而在過去的相關研究中，幾乎不曾觸及此方面的議題。因此本研究擬從父母教養方式、教師管教方式及同儕關係品質，來探討這些變項對國中生的幸福感之影響為何。本研究以大台北地區（台北市、新北市）公立國民中學七年級至九年級，共計有581位學生為研究樣本，採問卷調查法與多元逐步迴歸進行統計分析。結果顯示為：一、父母教養方式、教師管教方式及同儕關係品質對幸福感有預測力；二、不論性別為何，關懷都是最有預測力的變項；三、不同性別對幸福感的預測變項也有所不同。依影響程度而言，男生最重視的同儕的關懷反應，女生則最重視父母的關懷反應。

The problematic issue for teenagers is that their behaviors are shaped by parenting, exposure in school, and the deterioration society. From the perspective of the writer's teaching setting, in this study, family and school are seen as two important fields. This study used well-being as a dependent variable and three independent variables, parenting styles, teacher disciplines, and peer relationship quality, to discuss the impacts of well-being between different variables. From the literature review, we have realized that there are many differences between females and males, including their thinking and decision making. Teenagers are in a stage that shapes gender roles. However, few studies mention the issue of gender differences. As a consequence, this study further discussed this issue by using a dependent variable, well-being, and the three independent variables in the questionnaire, including parenting styles, teacher disciplines, and the quality of peer relationships. The survey covers a sample in Taipei City and New Taipei City. The number of total effective samples is 518. These quantitative data were analyzed through stepwise regression statistical methods. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. There are three variables, parenting styles, teacher disciplines, and the quality of peer relationships, which can predict junior high school students' well-being effectively. 2. No matter what the gender is, ＂response＂ is the most effective variable. 3. The effective prediction of well-being differs between genders: male teenagers regard peers' response as an important variable while female teenagers take parents' responses as a vital variable.