從「道」與「術」二元觀念探討墨學的發展性問題

From two dimensions of “logos” and “skill” to explore the development of Mohism

墨家哲學是先秦中國哲學中最具討論性與傳奇色彩的一個學派，因其與儒家分庭抗禮，而具時代「顯學」之特徵，但其影響力卻又不如儒家，在哲學與文化傳承之角色上，墨家屬於邊陲而至隱沒，這裡面便有涉及一個學派的內涵深度與學術本身的發展性問題。本研究試從傳統中國哲學的「道」與「術」二元觀念作為研究方法的入門，理解墨學由盛而衰的意理曲折的原因與所其面臨的困境等問題，得出墨學價值系統所存在的未能觸及的深層思考，君權主義封阻開放社會的形成，人的生命才情所偏與不足，使得義道價值不顯，皆是墨學發展性停滯之原因。

Mohism is the most controversial and legendary philosophy in Pre-Chin Dynasty. As an opposite counterpart of Confucianism, Mohism was equipped with the feature of “dominant philosophy” at that time being; yet it was not as influential as Confucianism to play the role to pass on Chinese culture. This phenomenon involved a school's depth of intent and academic development. This research aims to explore the reasons why Mohism developed from prosperity to decay together with the predicament it encountered, from two dimensions of “logos” and “skill” as the introduction of research methods. A conclusion is thus reached: monarchy hindered the formation of liberal society and an individual's tendency and imperfection restrained the manifestation of righteous value. All of these lead to the stagnation of Mohism development.