農育權人之優先購買權

The Right of First Refusal of an Agricultural Right Holder

農育權為 2010 年新增訂的物權種類。民法上各種用益物權中，農育權在實務上具有一定程度的重要性。而土地出賣時，農育權人有無優先購買權？此對土地原所有人、農育權人與第三人（即原買受人）的利益影響甚大，涉及土地的使用、交易與強制執行，亦與農育權及農業發展條例的立法目的有關，但過去幾乎無專文探討之。本研究先臚列此問題在農育權立法時以及立法後解釋適用上既有不同見解的理由，再予以分析，並著重於相關當事人的利益衡量、土地的永續利用與成本效益分析（法律經濟分析）。本研究認為，強制拍賣土地時，農育權人並無優先購買權。所有人自願出賣土地時，農育權人得行使優先購買權；農育權人行使優先購買權後，第三人有提高買賣價金的機會。所有人自願出賣土地時，農育權人有具物權效力的優先購買權，且其得預先拋棄優先購買權。

The agricultural right is a new kind of right in rem added in 2010. To a certain extent, an agricultural right is important in practice among all kinds of usufruct of the Civil Code. Does an agricultural right holder have a right of first refusal when the owner sells the land? The issue has great influence on the interests of the original owner, the agricultural right holder and the third party (i.e., the original purchaser) of the land. It refers to the use, transaction, and compulsory execution of the land. It is also related to the legislative purposes of the agricultural right and the Agricultural Development Act. However, there are few articles explore it. This study lists the existing reasons of different viewpoints in legislation and explanation, and then analyzes them. The interests of the concerned parties, sustainable utilization of land and cost-benefit analysis (economic analysis of law) are emphasized. This study holds that the agricultural right holder’s right of first refusal does not be exercised in the case of compulsory sale at auction. When the owner sells the land at will, the agricultural right holder has a right of first refusal, and the third party has the opportunity to raise the price of sale after the agricultural right holder exercises his right of first refusal. When the owner sells the land at will, the agricultural right holder has an in rem right of first refusal and may waive his right of first refusal in advance.