迪士尼與宮崎駿動畫作品特質與女性角色詮釋之比較

Comparing the characteristics and female characters between Disney's and Miyazak's animations

作者基於對動畫之喜愛且經過多年觀看迪士尼與宮崎駿動畫卡通作品與瞭解實際製作動畫，意圖探討迪士尼與宮崎駿動畫作品之所以風靡全球之因素。本文之研究重點有三個面向：〈一〉在探究迪士尼與宮崎駿之動畫卡通居於主流動畫領導地位之因素，以作品特色和女性角色兩大面向著手分析其成功因素。以作品特色論之，迪士尼動畫內容輕鬆有趣、畫面色彩鮮豔與精緻、音樂曲風華麗、以及角色討喜、動作完美、技術優秀等特質。而宮崎駿之動畫則對社會問題經過深思反芻，傳達對兒童、對自然、與對社會之關心，內容具深度、手繪的畫面質感、天馬行空的幻想、自創的飛行器、以及獨特的配樂效果都是其成功之因素。〈二〉分析比較宮崎駿與迪士尼動畫作品之特質以及兩者賦予故事中女性角色之藝術形式及其風格之異同，進而探究作品與文化之關係。迪士尼與宮崎駿對女性角色之詮釋手法是相當的不同，迪士尼的女性正派角色特徵都是美麗窈窕、性格溫順、兼具善良與愛心需要被保護的柔弱女性；反派角色特徵則是長相邪惡、臉部表情誇張、身體扭曲且壞心腸。然而，宮崎駿的女性角色並沒有善惡兩極之劃分，主要角色大多長相平凡，但是勇敢而有主見。〈三〉在結論中將上述兩類動畫之成功因素尤其是女性角色做了詳細之分析與比較，期能讓迪士尼與宮崎駿動畫的愛好者更深入了解影片之內涵與欣賞其動人之特質，並藉此研究幫助台灣從事動畫之創作者能有所省思。

The author has been a fan of animations of Walt Disney and Hayao Miyazaki for many years. Based on the observation of these animations and the understanding of their making processes, the author attempts to investigate the factors that contribute to their success. The main points of this article are threefold: Firstly, to investigate the reason of their achievement in terms of their characteristics and female characters in these works. In the aspect of characteristics, the Disney animations have delight and funny content, vivid colors and delicate expressions, gorgeous music, popular characters, perfect actions, as well as excellent technique. However, the Miyazaki animations reflect the social problems. Those animations convey concerns with children, natures and the societies. They possess deep content, hand drawing effects, free imagination, individual invented flying machines as well as special music. Secondly, to compare the characteristics as well as forms and styles of female characters between these two kinds of animations, and then further to explore the relationships between animations and cultures. The interpretations of the female characters between Disney and Miyazaki are very different. The positive characters of female in Disney are always beautiful, slender, timid, as well as kind and benevolence. They also look fragile and need to be protected. By contrast, the negative characters look vicious, exaggerated expression, distorted body and mean. Whereas, there is no such clear-cut distinction in Miyazaki. Most characters look ordinary but brave and have self-opinions. Thirdly, to analyze some implications for animation appreciation and production.