中國民間故事類型「學法造反」和「神箭早發」之離／合試探

Exploration on the Divergence and Convergence of Chinese Folk Literature categories: “Xue Fa Zao Fan” and “Shen Jian Zao Fa”

中國特有的民間故事類型中，道教色彩濃厚的「學法造反」故事，雖曾經被民間文學研究者劉守華提出討論，認為應該歸屬在A1592B「神箭早發」型。近年來，隨著中國民間故事的持續蒐集整理，類型定義及其內涵愈趨嚴謹明確，未有述及神箭早發情節的「學法造反」故事之異說，則遭屏除在A1592B「神箭早發」型之外。然而，尋鐸現有的「學法造反」故事之異說，根據其思想主題、情節描寫和流布情形以觀，認為與AT592B「神箭早發」型的最大分野，雖在未有述及神箭早發情節，卻都採取其他種神祕法術造反。職此，為呈顯不以神箭早發情節為標榜的造反故事之特色，同時保有和突顯「神箭早發」型的獨特性，建議將此類故事獨立於「神箭早發」型之外，另立為A1592C「學法造反」型，使明白與AT592B「神箭早發」型的淵源與分野。

In the specific Chinese folk literature categories, the stories of“Xue Fa Zao Fan” that carry abundant Dao implication are proposed and discussed by folk literature researcher Liu Shouhua and considered to be categorized as AT592B “Shen Jian Zao Fa”. In the recent years, as the continued collection and arrangement of Chinese folk literature, definition and implication of categories have become more and more rigorous and explicit. Different interpretation that fails to cover the plot of Shen Jian Zao Fa in the story of “Xue Fa Zao Fan”is excluded from AT592B “Shen Jian Zao Fa”. However, in the existed different interpretation of “Xue Fa Zao Fan” stories, from the viewpoints of central thought, plot description and dissemination, although its major difference from AT592B“Shen Jian Zao Fa” lies in its failure to cover plot of Shen Jian Zao Fa, they all adopt other mysterious spells to rebel. In light of this, in order to present its characteristics that plot of Shen Jian Zao Fa doesn’t included in the stories of rebellion as well as preserve and highlight the uniqueness of the category of “Shen Jian Zao Fa”, it is suggested that such kind of stories should be independent from the category of “Shen Jian Zao Fa” and put in category AT592C “Xue Fa Zao Fan” instead. In this case, its relationship and differences with AT592B “Shen Jian Zao Fa” can be realized.