朝鮮後期圍繞書院的鄉戰－－以嶺南地域為中心

Local Strife of Confucian Academy in Late Joseon Dynasty: Focused on Yeongnam Region

17世紀朝鮮時期的鄉村支配體制是守令、士族所主導。18世紀開始，由於新興勢力的成長和鄉論的分裂，該體制逐漸衰弱，士族支配體制加速衰弱是由在地勢力相互間的鄉中爭端──「鄉戰」所引起的。嶺南地區的鄉戰類型與其它地區大體上是一樣的。在區域內最為嚴重的糾紛及引起鄉論分裂的鄉戰，是為了掌握黨派、嫡庶，以及各門之間在鄉村內主導權等等的各種是非。因為書院是在地士族們在鄉村營運上最具代表性的機構，是故以書院為媒介的鄉戰較多。本文將從18世紀以後嶺南地區內以書院為媒介的鄉戰中，針對「黨派之間的鄉戰」、1商庶之間的鄉戰」、「門中之間的是非」等3種情況的發展過程進行分析，藉以觀察當時鄉村的變化。

The rural community governing system in the 17 the century, namely, in early Joseon Dynasty was led by rural community administrative heads and official families. Due to the growth of the new emerging forces and division of rural community consensus in the 18th century, the system began to decline gradually. The reason why the governing system by official families declined furthermore was that there were conflicts in opinions of the forces residing in provincial areas, that is, hyangjeon (local strife). The types of local strife in Yeongnam Region were generally similar to those in other regions. The most serious local strife within Yeongnam Region were mainly the domination of factions and various issues to vie for leadership between legitimate and illegitimate children and among clans. Since Confucian Academy was the most representative body to operate rural community by official families residing in provincial areas, there were relatively many local strife by Confucian Academy. This paper aims to examine the changes of rural community those days by analyzing three situations: local strife among factions, among clans and between legitimate and illegitimate children.