清領時期台灣書院教育的儒學思想

Confucian Thoughts of Taiwan Academy Education (Shu-yüan) during the Ching Dynasty

儒家是先秦時期顯學學派之一，它的價值觀與倫理觀影響中國人的思想與行為。清朝統治台灣期間，儒家思想藉著書院教育的形式得到傳承與發揚，並且與科舉取士結合形成書院儒學的教育特色；雖然科舉制度有其政治層面存在的理由，但儒學的教育在書院中仍然弦歌不輟，完整地傳播儒家所關心的修己安人，明人倫之道的社會關懷。本文探討清代台灣書院教育的儒學思想，受到朱熹哲學很大的啟發與影響，在各書院所訂定的學規中，皆有朱熹思想及義理的傳承，要求讀書人明人倫、識大義、崇實學、不空談，透過經典的閱讀以把握先賢智慧等皆有可觀之處。儒家思想雖有處於不同時代，因應不同問題的迴應與曲折，但是基本哲理與普世的人文關懷仍然是一以貫之，表現儒家哲學的價值性。

Confucianism is one of practical learning school in pre-Chin period, and Chinese people are influenced on thinking and behavior by its values and ethics. During the period of Ching Dynasty dominating Taiwan, Confucianism was kept and glorified by the form of education of academy, and it became the educational feature of Academy Confucianism after combining with official examinations. Although official examinations had its political concern to be existed, Confucian education was not be ceased but still wholly spreading out their cares about cultivating oneself and pacifying the others and society concerns of human relations. In this article, it discusses that Confucian thoughts of Taiwan academy education (Shu-yüan) in Ching Dynasty was greatly inspired and influenced by Zhu xi's philosophy. In each study code, this philosophy and principles could be discovered. It requested that the intellectuals should understand principles of human relations, know principles of Confucius, advocate learning of genuine value, have no hollow words, and learn the saints' wisdom through classical literature works. Such items all had their appreciable importance. Even though Confucian thinking could have the answer corresponding to different questions in different eras, showing the worth of Confucian philosophy with fundamental philosophic theories and concerns to all human beings is always the same.